Which digestive organ has both endocrine and exocrine functions?

• A. Gallbladder
• B. Spleen
• C. Pancreas
• D. Esophagus

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the difference between endocrine and exocrine functions. Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands secrete substances through ducts to an epithelial surface.
2. Step 2: Identify the functions of each organ listed. The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile (exocrine function only), the spleen is involved in blood filtration and immune response (not a digestive organ), and the esophagus transports food from the mouth to the stomach (no secretory functions).
3. Step 3: Recognize that the pancreas performs both endocrine and exocrine functions. Its endocrine function involves releasing hormones like insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream to regulate blood sugar.
4. Step 4: Note that the pancreas also has an exocrine function by producing digestive enzymes that are secreted into the small intestine via ducts to aid in digestion.
5. Step 5: Conclude that the pancreas is the digestive organ with both endocrine and exocrine functions, distinguishing it from the other options.