Which of the following best describes the somatic nervous system?

• A. It controls voluntary movements and transmits sensory information to the central nervous system.
• B. It regulates involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion.
• C. It is responsible for the fight-or-flight response.
• D. It primarily controls the endocrine system.

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Begin by understanding the role of the somatic nervous system within the broader context of the nervous system. The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The somatic nervous system is a part of the PNS.
2. Recognize that the somatic nervous system is responsible for voluntary movements. This means it controls actions that are consciously directed, such as moving your arm or walking.
3. Identify the sensory function of the somatic nervous system. It transmits sensory information from the body to the CNS, allowing the brain to process external stimuli like touch, pain, and temperature.
4. Differentiate the somatic nervous system from the autonomic nervous system, which regulates involuntary functions such as heart rate, digestion, and the fight-or-flight response. The autonomic nervous system operates without conscious control.
5. Understand that the somatic nervous system does not primarily control the endocrine system. The endocrine system is regulated by hormones and involves glands such as the pituitary and thyroid, which are influenced by the autonomic nervous system and the hypothalamus.