What two cell populations make up nervous tissue? What is the function of each?

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1. Identify the two main cell populations that compose nervous tissue: neurons and neuroglia (also called glial cells).
2. Explain that neurons are the primary signaling cells responsible for transmitting electrical impulses throughout the nervous system, enabling communication between different body parts.
3. Describe neuroglia as supporting cells that provide structural support, protection, nourishment, and maintenance of the extracellular environment for neurons.
4. Highlight specific functions of neuroglia such as insulating neurons (e.g., Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes forming myelin), removing debris, and assisting in repair processes.
5. Summarize that neurons handle information processing and transmission, while neuroglia ensure the neurons' optimal functioning and overall health of nervous tissue.

Key Concepts

Neurons

Neurons are the primary signaling cells of nervous tissue responsible for transmitting electrical impulses. They process and communicate information through their dendrites, cell body, and axon, enabling functions like sensation, movement, and cognition.

Neuroglia (Glial Cells)

Neuroglia are supportive cells in nervous tissue that provide structural support, protection, and nourishment to neurons. They maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and assist in repair and immune defense within the nervous system.

Functions of Nervous Tissue Cell Populations

The two cell populations work together: neurons handle communication and signal transmission, while neuroglia support and maintain the environment necessary for neurons to function effectively. This collaboration ensures proper nervous system operation.