Which of the following functions is primarily controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

• A. Conscious thought processing
• B. Interpretation of visual information
• C. Regulation of heart rate
• D. Voluntary movement of skeletal muscles

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS): The ANS is responsible for involuntary control of bodily functions, such as heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, and glandular secretions. It operates independently of conscious control.
2. Differentiate between voluntary and involuntary functions: Voluntary functions, such as skeletal muscle movement, are controlled by the somatic nervous system, while involuntary functions, like heart rate regulation, are managed by the autonomic nervous system.
3. Analyze the options provided: Conscious thought processing and interpretation of visual information are functions of the central nervous system (CNS), specifically the brain. Voluntary movement of skeletal muscles is controlled by the somatic nervous system.
4. Focus on the correct answer: Regulation of heart rate is an involuntary function primarily controlled by the autonomic nervous system, specifically through its sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
5. Conclude the reasoning: The autonomic nervous system's role in regulating heart rate aligns with its primary function of maintaining homeostasis and controlling involuntary physiological processes.