Compensation of metabolic alkalosis includes which of the following mechanisms?

• A. Increased respiratory rate to expel CO2
• B. Decreased respiratory rate to retain CO2
• C. Increased renal excretion of bicarbonate
• D. Increased renal reabsorption of hydrogen ions

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of metabolic alkalosis: Metabolic alkalosis is a condition where there is an excess of bicarbonate in the blood, leading to an increase in blood pH.
2. Identify the body's compensatory mechanisms: The body compensates for metabolic alkalosis primarily through respiratory and renal adjustments.
3. Consider respiratory compensation: The respiratory system can adjust the rate of breathing to influence CO2 levels. In metabolic alkalosis, the body may decrease the respiratory rate to retain CO2, which helps lower the pH back towards normal.
4. Examine renal compensation: The kidneys can adjust bicarbonate and hydrogen ion levels. In metabolic alkalosis, the kidneys may increase the reabsorption of hydrogen ions and decrease the excretion of bicarbonate to help correct the pH imbalance.
5. Review the options given: Compare the mechanisms listed in the problem with the compensatory strategies discussed. The correct mechanism for compensating metabolic alkalosis is decreased respiratory rate to retain CO2.