Epithelial cells, leukocytes, and erythrocytes are ______ found in urine.

• A. rarely
• B. always
• C. commonly
• D. not normally

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the context of the question: The presence of epithelial cells, leukocytes, and erythrocytes in urine is being evaluated in terms of normal physiology.
2. Recall the normal composition of urine: Urine is primarily composed of water, urea, creatinine, and other dissolved substances. Cells like epithelial cells, leukocytes, and erythrocytes are not typically present in significant amounts in healthy individuals.
3. Consider the implications of finding these cells in urine: The presence of epithelial cells, leukocytes, or erythrocytes in urine may indicate an abnormal condition such as infection, inflammation, or injury in the urinary tract.
4. Review the options provided: 'Rarely,' 'Always,' 'Commonly,' and 'Not normally.' Based on normal physiology, these cells are not normally found in urine under healthy conditions.
5. Conclude that the correct answer aligns with the physiological norm: The correct answer is 'not normally,' as these cells are not a standard component of urine in a healthy individual.