Which structure is the functional unit of the kidney?

• A. Glomerulus
• B. Nephron
• C. Renal pelvis
• D. Ureter

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that the question asks for the functional unit of the kidney, which means the smallest structure capable of performing all the kidney's functions.
2. Recall that the kidney's primary functions include filtering blood, removing waste, and regulating fluid and electrolyte balance.
3. Identify the structures listed: Glomerulus, Nephron, Renal pelvis, and Ureter, and consider their roles in kidney function.
4. Recognize that the Glomerulus is a part of the nephron responsible for filtering blood but is not the entire functional unit.
5. Conclude that the Nephron, which includes the glomerulus and associated tubules, is the complete functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtration and urine formation.