How do lipid-soluble hormones carry out their actions at their target cells?

• A. They diffuse through the cell membrane and bind to intracellular receptors.
• B. They bind to ion channels on the cell membrane, altering the cell's electrical state.
• C. They bind to receptors on the cell surface and activate second messenger systems.
• D. They are transported into the cell via endocytosis and then bind to nuclear receptors.

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the nature of lipid-soluble hormones: These hormones, such as steroid hormones, are able to pass through the lipid bilayer of cell membranes due to their solubility in lipids.
2. Recognize the mechanism of action: Lipid-soluble hormones typically diffuse directly through the cell membrane without the need for a transport mechanism.
3. Identify the location of receptors: Once inside the cell, these hormones bind to intracellular receptors, often located in the cytoplasm or nucleus.
4. Explore the hormone-receptor interaction: The hormone-receptor complex then interacts with specific DNA sequences, influencing gene expression and altering cellular function.
5. Consider the effects: The changes in gene expression lead to the production of specific proteins that carry out the hormone's intended action within the target cell.