Which of the following glands is not controlled by the hypothalamus?

• A. Pituitary gland
• B. Thyroid gland
• C. Pancreas
• D. Adrenal gland

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system. The hypothalamus is a crucial part of the brain that regulates various bodily functions, including the release of hormones from certain glands.
2. Identify the glands that are directly influenced by the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland through releasing and inhibiting hormones, which in turn affects other glands like the thyroid and adrenal glands.
3. Recognize the connection between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is often referred to as the 'master gland' because it regulates other endocrine glands, and its activity is directly controlled by the hypothalamus.
4. Consider the thyroid gland's relationship with the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus releases thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) which stimulates the pituitary gland to release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), affecting the thyroid gland.
5. Examine the pancreas and its independence from the hypothalamus. Unlike the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands, the pancreas is primarily regulated by blood glucose levels and not directly controlled by the hypothalamus.