What is the primary difference between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems?

• A. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements, while the autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions.
• B. The somatic nervous system operates independently of the central nervous system, whereas the autonomic nervous system is directly controlled by it.
• C. The somatic nervous system is responsible for involuntary actions, while the autonomic nervous system controls voluntary movements.
• D. The somatic nervous system only affects the heart and lungs, while the autonomic nervous system affects skeletal muscles.

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Begin by understanding the basic functions of the nervous system, which is divided into the central and peripheral nervous systems. The peripheral nervous system includes the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
2. The somatic nervous system is responsible for voluntary movements. It controls skeletal muscles and allows conscious control over actions such as walking, grabbing, and speaking.
3. The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions. It manages processes such as heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, and reflexes, which occur without conscious effort.
4. Consider the control mechanisms: The somatic nervous system operates with conscious control, while the autonomic nervous system functions automatically, often influenced by the central nervous system.
5. Review the scope of influence: The somatic nervous system primarily affects skeletal muscles, whereas the autonomic nervous system affects smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands.