Fibrocartilage is a specialized type of cartilage that combines characteristics of hyaline cartilage and dense regular connective tissue, also known as fibrous connective tissue. This unique structure is primarily composed of chondrocytes, chondroblasts, and fibroblasts, which are essential for producing the fibrous proteins found in its extracellular matrix. The presence of fibroblasts contributes to the dense bundles of collagen fibers that characterize fibrocartilage, making it the strongest type of cartilage.

One of the defining features of fibrocartilage is its avascular nature, meaning it lacks blood vessels. Unlike other types of cartilage, fibrocartilage does not have a perichondrium, a layer of dense irregular connective tissue that typically surrounds cartilage and provides a blood supply. As a result, fibrocartilage relies on the diffusion of nutrients from surrounding vascular tissues, which contributes to its slow healing process. Damage to fibrocartilage can be particularly detrimental due to this limited capacity for repair.

Functionally, fibrocartilage is designed to withstand both compression and tension forces, making it crucial in areas of the body that experience significant stress. It is commonly found in the intervertebral discs, which provide cushioning between the vertebrae of the spine, and in the menisci of the knees, where it helps absorb shock and support weight-bearing activities. The dense collagen fibers in fibrocartilage result in relatively little ground substance compared to hyaline cartilage, enhancing its strength and durability.

In summary, fibrocartilage plays a vital role in maintaining structural integrity in high-stress areas of the body, thanks to its unique composition and properties. Understanding its characteristics and functions is essential for appreciating how the body manages mechanical forces and supports movement.