Which of the following correctly matches the structure with its blood vessel type?

• A. Arteries have valves, capillaries have thick walls, and veins have the thickest muscular walls.
• B. Arteries have thick muscular walls, capillaries have thin walls of a single cell layer, and veins have valves.
• C. Veins have the thickest walls, arteries have valves, and capillaries have multiple layers of muscle.
• D. Capillaries have thick muscular walls, arteries have valves, and veins have a single cell layer.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the structural differences between arteries, veins, and capillaries. Arteries are designed to handle high-pressure blood flow from the heart, veins return blood to the heart, and capillaries facilitate exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste between blood and tissues.
2. Step 2: Recall that arteries have thick muscular walls to withstand high pressure. This is due to the presence of smooth muscle and elastic fibers in their walls.
3. Step 3: Capillaries are composed of a single layer of endothelial cells. This thin structure allows for efficient diffusion of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste products.
4. Step 4: Veins have valves to prevent backflow of blood as it moves toward the heart under lower pressure. Their walls are thinner than arteries but thicker than capillaries.
5. Step 5: Compare the options provided in the question with the anatomical facts above. Identify the correct match based on the structural characteristics of arteries, veins, and capillaries.