Bone growth occurs in children primarily in which part of the bone?

• A. Periosteum
• B. Epiphyseal plate
• C. Medullary cavity
• D. Articular cartilage

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the anatomy of a long bone: A long bone consists of several key parts, including the epiphysis (ends of the bone), diaphysis (shaft), periosteum (outer covering), medullary cavity (inner hollow space), articular cartilage (smooth covering at the joint surfaces), and the epiphyseal plate (growth plate).
2. Learn the function of the epiphyseal plate: The epiphyseal plate, also known as the growth plate, is a layer of hyaline cartilage located between the epiphysis and diaphysis in growing bones. It is responsible for longitudinal bone growth during childhood and adolescence.
3. Compare the roles of other structures: The periosteum is involved in bone repair and appositional growth (growth in width), the medullary cavity houses bone marrow, and articular cartilage reduces friction at joints. None of these structures are primarily responsible for bone growth in length.
4. Recognize the process of endochondral ossification: Bone growth in length occurs through endochondral ossification at the epiphyseal plate. Chondrocytes (cartilage cells) divide and are replaced by bone tissue as the child grows.
5. Conclude that the epiphyseal plate is the correct answer: Based on its function and location, the epiphyseal plate is the primary site of bone growth in children, distinguishing it from the other options provided.