What is clonal selection in lymphocytes?

• A. The elimination of lymphocytes that do not respond to antigens.
• B. The process by which lymphocytes that recognize a specific antigen proliferate and differentiate.
• C. The selection of lymphocytes based on their ability to produce antibodies.
• D. The mechanism by which lymphocytes are produced in the bone marrow.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of clonal selection: Clonal selection is a fundamental principle in immunology that explains how the immune system responds to specific antigens.
2. Recognize the role of lymphocytes: Lymphocytes, including B cells and T cells, are crucial components of the adaptive immune system. They have receptors that can recognize specific antigens.
3. Identify the process of clonal selection: When a lymphocyte encounters an antigen that matches its receptor, it is activated. This activation leads to the proliferation (rapid multiplication) of that specific lymphocyte.
4. Differentiate and proliferate: The activated lymphocytes differentiate into effector cells that perform immune functions, such as producing antibodies or killing infected cells, and memory cells that provide long-term immunity.
5. Clarify the elimination aspect: Lymphocytes that do not recognize the antigen are not activated and do not proliferate, ensuring that only those cells that can respond to the specific antigen are selected and expanded.