What occurs during the process of sperm capacitation?

• A. Sperm undergo physiological changes that increase their ability to fertilize an egg.
• B. Sperm fuse with the egg to form a zygote.
• C. Sperm lose their flagella and become immobile.
• D. Sperm are produced in the seminiferous tubules.

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the term 'sperm capacitation': Sperm capacitation refers to the physiological changes that sperm undergo after ejaculation, which prepare them for successful fertilization of an egg.
2. Recognize the location and timing of capacitation: Capacitation typically occurs in the female reproductive tract after sperm are deposited during ejaculation. It is a necessary step for fertilization.
3. Identify the key changes during capacitation: These changes include alterations in the sperm's plasma membrane, increased motility, and the ability to undergo the acrosome reaction, which is essential for penetrating the egg's outer layers.
4. Clarify what does NOT happen during capacitation: Sperm do not lose their flagella or become immobile during this process. Instead, their motility increases. Additionally, sperm production occurs in the seminiferous tubules, which is unrelated to capacitation.
5. Conclude with the purpose of capacitation: The physiological changes during capacitation enhance the sperm's ability to fertilize an egg, making it a critical step in reproduction.