Which of the following is a key difference between the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system?

• A. The somatic nervous system operates independently of the central nervous system, unlike the autonomic nervous system.
• B. The autonomic nervous system is involved in conscious perception, whereas the somatic nervous system is not.
• C. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements, while the autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions.
• D. The autonomic nervous system is responsible for sensory input, while the somatic nervous system processes motor output.

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Begin by understanding the basic functions of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems. The somatic nervous system is primarily responsible for voluntary movements and the control of skeletal muscles.
2. Next, consider the role of the autonomic nervous system. It regulates involuntary functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate, and is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
3. Evaluate the options given in the problem. The first option incorrectly states that the somatic nervous system operates independently of the central nervous system, which is not true as both systems are connected to the central nervous system.
4. Analyze the second option, which incorrectly states that the autonomic nervous system is involved in conscious perception. Conscious perception is typically associated with the somatic nervous system.
5. Finally, identify the correct statement: The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements, while the autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions. This distinction is key to understanding the roles of these two systems.