24. Nutrition, Metabolism, Energy Balance

Nitrogen balance

Nutrients

What is Nitrogen Balance? What does Nitrogen Balance mean?

Functions & Importance Of Fat 

Fats - Types Of Fats - What Is Saturated Fat - What Is Unsaturated Fat - Omega 3's And Omega 6's

Minerals, Essential Minerals

Carbohydrates & Sugars

 Essential nutrients are substances the body cannot make fast enough to meet the body’s needs, so our diet must provide them. 

 limited in synthesis and therefore must be consumed 

 stored in the body for times of starvation 

 Essential nutrients are not restricted exclusively to grains. 

 Essential nutrients refer to nutrients that are __________. 

How The Six Basic Nutrients Affect Your Body

Functions & Importance Of Protein 

 Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are macronutrients that make up the bulk of what we eat. Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients that are required in minute amounts. 

 Which of the following is a micronutrient? 

Saturated Fats, Unsaturated Fats, and Trans Fats

Important minerals you need and the foods that contain them

 In healthy adults, the rate of protein synthesis equals the rate of protein breakdown, a state known as nitrogen balance.<br><br>In a growing child or a pregnant woman, protein incorporation into tissues exceeds the rate of protein breakdown, a state known as positive nitrogen balance.<br><br>If protein breakdown exceeds the rate of protein incorporation into tissues, the individual is in a state of negative nitrogen balance. A person in a state of physical stress (such as infection, starvation, or malnutrition) will exhibit negative nitrogen balance. 

 A person who is starving is likely to exhibit __________. 

 Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat soluble. Vitamin C and the B-complex vitamins are water soluble. The fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body and can accumulate to toxic levelsâ€”for example, vitamin A hypervitaminosis is well documented. 

 Fat-soluble vitamins can be toxic if consumed in large quantities. 

Metabolism & Nutrition

Lipids

Fat Soluble Vitamins: Vitamins A, D, E, K 

What Are Nutrients - What Is Nutrient Density - What Are Nutrient Dense Foods?

Complex Carbohydrates - What Are Complex Carbohydrates - What Are Polysaccharides And Starchy Foods

Essential Amino Acids

Carbohydrates - Types, What they are, Good Carbs and Bad Carbs

What Are Complete Proteins, Incomplete Proteins, Essential Amino Acids, Non Essential Amino Acids

 Vitamin D can be made in the skin and is not a provitamin. Beta-carotene is considered a provitamin because the body can convert it to vitamin A through digestion. 

 Iron is a mineral, not a vitamin. Beta-carotene is considered a provitamin because the body can convert it to vitamin A through digestion. 

 Niacin is a coenzyme and is not considered a provitamin. Beta-carotene is considered a provitamin because the body can convert it to vitamin A through digestion. 

 Which of the following substances is considered a provitamin? 

6 Functions of Proteins

 Chromium is considered a trace mineral. Impaired glucose metabolism occurs without chromium.  

 Which element below is considered a trace mineral? 

Vitamins -  Types - Fat Soluble Vitamins - Water Soluble Vitamins

 Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that is stored in the body. 

 Vitamin A is stored in the body, and excessive intake is a common cause of hypervitaminosis. 

 Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is stored in the body. 

 Which of the following fat-soluble vitamins is NOT stored in the body? 

Fat Soluble VS Water Soluble Vitamins

 are used as building blocks for the body 

 Most vitamins function as coenzymes or parts of coenzymes in the body. Coenzymes help catalyze chemical reactions. 

 Prolonged high protein intake does not cause kidney damage. 

 Prolonged high protein intake by itself would not lead to muscle building. 

 Prolonged high protein intake would lead to a positive nitrogen balance. 

 Prolonged high protein intake can lead to __________. 

Classification of Nutrients

 Retinol in the visual pigments is derived from vitamin A. 

 transfer electrons in cellular respiration 

 One function of vitamin A is to __________. 

What Are Simple Carbohydrates - Monosaccharides - Glucose - Fructose - Disaccharides

Water Soluble Vitamins: B-complex vitamins, vitamin C

Functions & Importance Of Carbohydrates 

 one or more of the essential fatty acids 

 Nutritionally incomplete proteins are low in one or more of the essential amino acids. 

 one or more of the essential amino acids 

 Nutritionally incomplete proteins are low in __________. 

Mineral (Nutrition) Macro & Trace - Functions & Sources

Unsaturated vs Saturated vs Trans Fats

Nitrogen Balance, Positive & Negative

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