18. Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiac muscle

Heart Anatomy: Microscopic Anatomy

Cardiac Muscle Tissue Anatomy & Physiology Review Lecture

 Gap junctions allow the myocardial cells to work together as a functional syncytium, but they do not affect the capability of these cells to withstand fatigue. Twenty-five to thirty-five percent of the volume of a myocardial cell is composed of large mitochondria, which provide these cells with a great resistance to fatigue. 

 The presence of intercalated discs does not provide the myocardium with a high resistance to fatigue. Twenty-five to thirty-five percent of the volume of a myocardial cell is composed of large mitochondria, which provide these cells with a great resistance to fatigue. 

 a very large number of mitochondria in the cytoplasm 

 The coronary circulation does not provide the myocardium with a high resistance to fatigue. Twenty-five to thirty-five percent of the volume of a myocardial cell is composed of large mitochondria, which provide these cells with a great resistance to fatigue. 

 Which of the following factors gives the myocardium its high resistance to fatigue? 

Microscopic Appearance of Cardiac Muscle

Microscopic Appearance of Skeletal Muscle

 Unlike skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle is not striated. 

 Cardiac muscle is striated and utilizes the sliding-filament mechanism for contraction, like skeletal muscle. Both cardiac and skeletal muscle depend upon calcium ions for contraction. Unlike skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle cells have a greater concentration of mitochondria, giving cardiac cells a high resistance to fatigue. Cardiac muscle cells are highly dependent upon oxygen in order to carry out aerobic respiration. Cardiac muscle cells die faster than skeletal muscle cells if deprived of oxygen. Additionally, the plasma membranes of cardiac muscle cells interlock, while skeletal muscle cell fibers are independent. Cardiac cells can be autorhythmic, a property not seen in skeletal muscle fibers.  

 Unlike skeletal muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells do not rely on calcium ions for contraction. 

 Unlike skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle does not use a sliding filament mechanism for contraction. 

 Unlike skeletal muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells can be autorhythmic.  

 Which of the following is a difference between cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle?  

 Because cardiac cells are electrically coupled by gap junctions, they behave as a single unit called a functional syncytium. 

 The contractile cardiac muscle fibers of the myocardium behave as a single, coordinated unit called a __________. 

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Anatomy & Physiology

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1. Introduction to A&P

2. Chemistry

3. Cells

4. Tissues

5. Integumentary System

6. Bones + Skeletal Tissues

7. Skeletal System

8. Joints

9. Muscles and Muscle Tissue

10. Muscular System

11. Nervous Tissue

12. Central Nervous System

13. Peripheral Nervous System

14. Autonomic Nervous System

15. Special Senses

16. Endocrine System

17. Blood

19. Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

20. Lymphatic System

21. Immune System

22. Respiratory System

23. Digestive System

24. Nutrition, Metabolism, Energy Balance

25. Urinary System

26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance

27. Reproductive System

28. Pregnancy and Human Development

29. Heredity

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Stroke volume and heart rate

Heart Physiology: Heart Regulation

Timing and events of the cardiac cycle

Normal heart sounds and heart murmurs

Heart Physiology: Mechanical Events

Excitation: Contraction Coupling

Action potentials in cardiac pacemaker and contractile cells

Conduction system of the heart and the conduction pathway

ECG tracing

Heart Physiology: Electrical Events

Blood pathway through the heart

Major branches and distribution of coronary arteries

Heart Anatomy: Pathway of Blood

Orientation of the heart

Coverings of the heart

Structure and function of the heart wall

The four heart chambers & valves

Heart Anatomy: Gross Anatomy

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