27. Reproductive System

Homologous reproductive structures in males and females

Shared Common Features

The Human Reproductive System

 The normal chromosome number in most body cells is referred to as the diploid chromosome number. In humans, this number is 46. The number of chromosomes in gametes is called the haploid number. The haploid number is half the diploid number. Thus, in humans, the haploid chromosome number is 23.  

 The diploid chromosome number in humans is __________. 

Mitosis vs. Meiosis Comparison

 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); anterior pituitary 

 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) acts upon the anterior pituitary to encourage the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).<br><br>In males, FSH stimulates sustentocytes (Sertoli cells) to produce androgen-binding protein (ABP). In response to rising LH levels, testosterone is produced by interstitial endocrine cells. 

 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); sustentocytes 

 __________ acts upon the __________ to encourage the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). 

 Meiosis produces cells that have a haploid chromosome number. 

 Meiosis involves only one cell division event. 

 Meiosis is used to produce haploid gametes. Most body cells divide by mitosis, <i>not</i> meiosis. Unlike mitosis, meiosis involves two rounds of cell division. Meiosis leads to the production of four genetically unique cells. 

 Meiosis is how most cells in the body divide. 

 Meiosis leads to the production of genetically identical cells. 

 Which of the following is true about meiosis?  

Differences between Mitosis and Meiosis

Reproduction, Homologous structures

BioFlix Meiosis

HPG Axis

 Meiosis is the processes by which genetically unique haploid gametes are formed. 

 The mesonephric ducts develop into the male duct system, and the paramesonephric ducts develop into the female duct system. 

 The __________ develop into the female duct system. 

The HPG Axis

Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis

 Like the clitoris, the penis has erectile tissues. 

 Which male structure is homologous to the female’s clitoris? 

 The tetrads, composed of replicated homologous chromosomes, will separate and migrate to the poles of the cell during anaphase I. 

 During anaphase I, what structures separate and move to opposite poles of the cell? 

 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates the anterior pituitary to release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). In females, progesterone, estrogen, and inhibin discourage the secretion of FSH and LH. 

 __________ stimulates the anterior pituitary to release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). 

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