Which structure is the functional unit of the kidney?

• A. Ureter
• B. Renal pyramid
• C. Nephron
• D. Renal capsule

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that the kidney is composed of several anatomical structures, each with specific roles in kidney function.
2. Identify the ureter as the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder, not involved in filtration or urine formation.
3. Recognize the renal pyramid as a part of the kidney's medulla that contains collecting ducts and nephrons but is not itself the functional unit.
4. Know that the renal capsule is the outer protective layer of the kidney, providing structural support but not directly involved in filtration.
5. Recall that the nephron is the microscopic structure within the kidney responsible for filtering blood, reabsorbing needed substances, and forming urine, making it the functional unit of the kidney.