The two major components of the integumentary system are
(a) The cutaneous membrane and the accessory structures
(b) The epidermis and the subcutaneous layer
(c) The hair and the nails
(d) The dermis and the subcutaneous layer

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that the integumentary system primarily consists of the skin and its related structures. The skin itself is composed of two main layers: the epidermis (outer layer) and the dermis (inner layer).
2. Recognize that the cutaneous membrane refers to the skin as a whole, which includes both the epidermis and dermis layers together functioning as a membrane.
3. Identify accessory structures as components associated with the skin but not part of the skin layers themselves. These include hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.
4. Recall that the subcutaneous layer (also called the hypodermis) lies beneath the dermis and is not technically part of the skin but rather a layer of connective tissue that anchors the skin to underlying structures.
5. Conclude that the two major components of the integumentary system are the cutaneous membrane (skin) and the accessory structures (hair, nails, glands), which corresponds to option (a).

Key Concepts

Integumentary System Structure

The integumentary system includes the skin and its related structures. It serves as a protective barrier and helps regulate body temperature. Understanding its components is essential to identify the major parts that make up this system.

Cutaneous Membrane

The cutaneous membrane refers to the skin itself, composed of the epidermis (outer layer) and dermis (inner layer). It is the largest organ of the body and plays a key role in protection, sensation, and thermoregulation.

Accessory Structures of the Skin

Accessory structures include hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands. These structures support the skin’s functions, such as protection, temperature control, and sensory input, and are considered major components alongside the cutaneous membrane.