Which of the following statements about autonomic regulation of heart rate is correct?

• A. It is regulated by two reflex centers found in the pons.
• B. It is exclusively managed by the somatic nervous system.
• C. It does not involve any central nervous system structures.
• D. It is primarily controlled by reflex centers located in the medulla oblongata.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the role of the autonomic nervous system in regulating heart rate. The autonomic nervous system consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, which work together to increase or decrease heart rate as needed.
2. Identify the central nervous system structures involved in autonomic regulation of heart rate. The medulla oblongata, part of the brainstem, contains reflex centers responsible for controlling cardiovascular functions, including heart rate.
3. Clarify why the pons is not the primary reflex center for heart rate regulation. While the pons is involved in other autonomic functions, such as respiration, the medulla oblongata is the primary center for heart rate control.
4. Explain why the somatic nervous system is not involved in heart rate regulation. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements, whereas heart rate regulation is an involuntary process managed by the autonomic nervous system.
5. Conclude that the correct answer is based on the medulla oblongata's role in autonomic regulation of heart rate, emphasizing its importance in maintaining homeostasis through reflexive control mechanisms.