In human anatomy, what structures make up the central nervous system (CNS)?

• A. The brain and spinal cord
• B. The brain and cranial nerves
• C. The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
• D. The spinal cord and peripheral nerves

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the definition of the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS is the part of the nervous system that processes information and coordinates activity throughout the body.
2. Step 2: Identify the main components of the CNS. The CNS consists of structures that are enclosed within the skull and vertebral column, providing protection and support.
3. Step 3: Recognize that the brain is the control center of the CNS, responsible for processing sensory information, initiating motor commands, and higher cognitive functions.
4. Step 4: Recognize that the spinal cord is the other major component of the CNS, acting as a communication highway between the brain and the rest of the body, and also coordinating reflexes.
5. Step 5: Differentiate the CNS from other parts of the nervous system, such as the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, and the autonomic nervous system divisions (sympathetic and parasympathetic).