In human anatomy, what structures make up the central nervous system (CNS)?

• A. The spinal cord and skeletal muscles
• B. The cranial and spinal nerves
• C. The brain and peripheral ganglia
• D. The brain and spinal cord

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the definition of the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS is the part of the nervous system that processes information and coordinates activity throughout the body.
2. Step 2: Identify the main components of the CNS. The CNS consists of the brain and the spinal cord, which serve as the control centers for the body.
3. Step 3: Differentiate the CNS from the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The PNS includes structures such as cranial nerves, spinal nerves, peripheral ganglia, and skeletal muscles, which are outside the CNS.
4. Step 4: Recognize that skeletal muscles are effectors controlled by the nervous system but are not part of the CNS themselves.
5. Step 5: Conclude that the correct structures making up the CNS are the brain and spinal cord, as they are responsible for integrating sensory information and responding accordingly.