Tracing the blood from the heart to the right hand, we find that blood leaves the heart and passes through the aorta, the right subclavian artery, the axillary and brachial arteries, and through either the radial or ulnar artery to arrive at the hand. Which artery is missing from this sequence?
a. Coronary
b. Brachiocephalic
c. Cephalic
d. Right common carotid

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the pathway of blood flow from the heart to the right hand. Blood leaves the heart through the aorta, which is the main artery distributing oxygenated blood to the body.
2. Step 2: Recognize that the aorta branches into major arteries that supply different regions. For the right side of the upper body, the first major branch is the brachiocephalic artery, which then divides further.
3. Step 3: Identify that the brachiocephalic artery splits into the right common carotid artery (supplying the head and neck) and the right subclavian artery (supplying the right arm). Since the sequence includes the right subclavian artery, the brachiocephalic artery must come before it.
4. Step 4: Note that the sequence given is: aorta → right subclavian artery → axillary artery → brachial artery → radial or ulnar artery. The missing artery in this sequence is the brachiocephalic artery, which connects the aorta to the right subclavian artery.
5. Step 5: Conclude that the correct missing artery is the brachiocephalic artery, as it is the essential vessel that branches off the aorta before the right subclavian artery.

Key Concepts

Anatomy of the Aortic Arch and Its Branches

The aortic arch gives rise to major arteries supplying the upper body. On the right side, the brachiocephalic artery branches off first, which then divides into the right common carotid and right subclavian arteries. Understanding this branching is essential to trace blood flow from the heart to the right arm.

Pathway of Blood to the Right Upper Limb

Blood flows from the heart through the aorta, then the brachiocephalic artery on the right side, followed by the right subclavian artery. From there, it continues into the axillary, brachial, and finally the radial or ulnar arteries to reach the hand. Recognizing this sequence helps identify any missing artery.

Distinction Between Named Arteries in the Arm

The cephalic vein is a superficial vein, not an artery, and the coronary arteries supply the heart itself. The right common carotid artery supplies the head and neck, not the arm. Knowing the function and location of these vessels clarifies which artery is absent in the given arterial pathway.