How does the polarity of water contribute to its ability to dissolve so many substances?

• A. Water's polarity allows it to form covalent bonds with many substances.
• B. Natural water has a pH of approximately 5.6, which is slightly acidic. Acids can dissolve more substances than bases can.
• C. Because it is polar, water forms ionic bonds with the ions in substances such as NaCl (salt).
• D. Because it is polar, water's negatively charged oxygen atoms and positively charged hydrogen atoms are attracted to positively and negatively charged ions and molecules.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of polarity: Water is a polar molecule, meaning it has a partial positive charge on one side (hydrogen atoms) and a partial negative charge on the other side (oxygen atom).
2. Recognize how polarity affects interactions: The polarity of water allows it to interact with other charged particles, such as ions and polar molecules, through electrostatic attractions.
3. Explore the process of dissolution: When a substance like NaCl (salt) is added to water, the positive sodium ions (Na⁺) are attracted to the negative oxygen atoms of water, and the negative chloride ions (Cl^-) are attracted to the positive hydrogen atoms of water.
4. Consider the role of hydrogen bonds: Water molecules can form hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules, further aiding in the dissolution process by surrounding and separating individual ions or molecules.
5. Summarize the effect of water's polarity: The ability of water to dissolve many substances is primarily due to its polar nature, which allows it to surround and interact with various charged and polar particles, effectively breaking them apart and keeping them in solution.