The kidneys are surrounded by a tough, fibrous layer of tissue called the:

• A. The renal capsule.
• B. The renal cortex.
• C. The renal medulla.
• D. The adipose capsule.

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Begin by understanding the anatomy of the kidney. The kidney is composed of several layers, each with distinct functions and characteristics.
2. Identify the outermost layer of the kidney. This layer is known for its protective function and is composed of tough, fibrous tissue.
3. Consider the term 'capsule' in the context of kidney anatomy. A capsule typically refers to a protective layer surrounding an organ.
4. Differentiate between the renal capsule and other structures such as the renal cortex and renal medulla, which are internal parts of the kidney involved in filtration and urine production.
5. Recognize that the adipose capsule is a layer of fat surrounding the kidney, providing cushioning and protection, but it is not the tough, fibrous layer directly surrounding the kidney itself.