Which of the following is a possible consequence of a prolonged or chronic decrease in glomerular filtration rate?

• A. Dehydration.
• B. Leukemia.
• C. Edema (swelling).
• D. Hypotension.

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the role of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in kidney function. GFR is a measure of how well the kidneys are filtering blood, removing waste, and balancing fluids.
2. Recognize that a prolonged or chronic decrease in GFR indicates that the kidneys are not filtering blood effectively, leading to the accumulation of waste and fluid in the body.
3. Consider the physiological consequences of reduced kidney filtration. With less fluid being filtered out, fluid retention can occur, leading to swelling or edema.
4. Differentiate between the options given: Dehydration would involve fluid loss, which is contrary to fluid retention. Leukemia is a blood cancer and unrelated to kidney filtration. Hypotension refers to low blood pressure, which can be related but is not a direct consequence of decreased GFR.
5. Conclude that edema is the most likely consequence of a chronic decrease in GFR, as it directly results from fluid retention due to inadequate filtration by the kidneys.