List the four biological molecules commonly found in living organisms.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the four major categories of biological macromolecules that are essential for life.
2. Recognize that these macromolecules are crucial for various biological functions and structures.
3. Understand that these molecules are typically composed of smaller subunits or monomers.
4. Acknowledge that these macromolecules include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
5. Consider how each type of macromolecule plays a unique role in the physiology of living organisms.

Key Concepts

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, typically in a ratio of 1:2:1. They serve as a primary energy source for living organisms and are also important for structural functions in cells. Common examples include sugars like glucose and polysaccharides like starch and cellulose.

Proteins

Proteins are large, complex molecules composed of amino acids, which are linked by peptide bonds. They play crucial roles in the body, including catalyzing biochemical reactions as enzymes, providing structural support, and facilitating communication between cells. The specific sequence of amino acids determines a protein's unique structure and function.

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are polymers made up of nucleotide monomers. They are essential for storing and transmitting genetic information in living organisms. DNA carries the instructions for the development and functioning of all known life, while RNA plays a key role in protein synthesis and gene expression.