More than one choice may apply.

Which heart chamber pumps blood with the greatest amount of force?

a. Right atrium

b. Right ventricle

c. Left atrium

d. Left ventricle

More than one choice may apply.

How many cusps does the right atrioventricular valve have?

a. Two

b. Three

c. Four

d. Six

More than one choice may apply.

During atrial systole,

a. The atrial pressure exceeds ventricular pressure.

b. 70 percent of ventricular filling occurs.

c. The AV valves are open.

d. Valves prevent backflow into the great veins.

Discuss how the Frank-Starling law of the heart helps to explain the influence of venous return on stroke volume.

What three factors regulate stroke volume to ensure that the left and right ventricles pump equal volumes of blood?

Cardiac output cannot increase indefinitely because:

(a) The available filling time decreases as heart rate increases

(b) The heart becomes unable to contract at faster rates

(c) Stroke volume increases too much, leading to overfilling

(d) The heart’s muscle fibers lose their ability to stretch

(e) None of these reasons

Differentiate between stroke volume and cardiac output. How is cardiac output calculated?

What factors influence cardiac output?