23. The Second Law of Thermodynamics

Which of the following is an example of the second law of thermodynamics?

Which one of the following processes produces a decrease in the entropy of the system?

Which of the following statements is consistent with the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

Which of the following best describes the statement of the second law of thermodynamics?

Which one of the following processes produces a decrease in the entropy of the system?

Which of the following best explains how the diagram violates the $2^{\mathrm{nd}}$ law of thermodynamics?

Which of the following statements is a logical consequence of the second law of thermodynamics?

According to the second law of thermodynamics, what is the maximum possible efficiency of a heat engine operating between a hot reservoir at temperature $T_1$ and a cold reservoir at temperature $T_2$?

Which of the following statements about $S$ (entropy) is true?

3 moles of an ideal gas are compressed isothermally at 20°C. During this compression, 1850 J of work is done on the gas. What is the change of entropy of the gas?

You have a block of ice at 0°C. Heat is added to the ice, causing an increase in entropy of 120J/K. How much ice melts into water in this process?

A non-Carnot heat engine operates between a hot reservoir at 610K and a cold reservoir at 320K. In a cycle, it takes in 6400 J of heat and does 2200 J of work. What is the total change in entropy of the universe over the cycle?

Two moles of an ideal gas occupy a volume $V$. The gas expands isothermally and reversibly to a volume $3V$. Is the velocity distribution changed by the isothermal expansion? Explain.

You make tea with $0.250$ kg of $85.0$°C water and let it cool to room temperature ($20.0$°C). Calculate the entropy change of the water while it cools.

A $15.0$-kg block of ice at $0.0$°C melts to liquid water at $0.0$°C inside a large room at $20.0$°C. Treat the ice and the room as an isolated system, and assume that the room is large enough for its temperature change to be ignored. Is the melting of the ice reversible or irreversible? Explain, using simple physical reasoning without resorting to any equations.