32. Electromagnetic Waves

In each of the following cases, initially vertically polarized light enters the polarizing apparatus with the same initial intensity. Which polarizing apparatuses will cause the light to exit with the largest intensity, 90° from its initial polarization? 

a) A single polarizing filter, oriented 90° from the vertical 

b) Two polarizing filters, the first 45° from the vertical and the second 90° from the vertical 

c) Two polarizing filters, the first 60° from the vertical and the second 90° from the vertical 

d) Two polarizing filters, the first 30° from the vertical and the second 90° from the vertical.

Unpolarized light with intensity of 6 W/m²is incident on a polarizer.If the polarizer's transmission axis is at an angle of 45° above the horizontal, draw a diagram of this system and find the intensity of transmitted light.

Unpolarized light of intensity I₀ is incident on a stack of 7 polarizing filters, each with its axis rotated 15° cw with respect to the previous filter. What light intensity emerges from the last filter?

Unpolarized light with intensity 350 W/m² passes first through a polarizing filter with its axis vertical, then through a second polarizing filter. It emerges from the second filter with intensity 131 W/m². What is the angle from vertical of the axis of the second polarizing filter?

Unpolarized light with intensity I₀ is incident on two polarizing filters. The axis of the first filter makes an angle of 60.0° with the vertical, and the axis of the second filter is horizontal. What is the intensity of the light after it has passed through the second filter?

A beam of unpolarized light of intensity I₀ passes through a series of ideal polarizing filters with their polarizing axes turned to various angles as shown in Fig. E33.27. If we remove the middle filter, what will be the light intensity at point C?