What is meant by the "induced fit" of an enzyme?

• A. The substrate can be altered so that it is induced to fit into the enzyme's active site.
• B. The enzyme structure is altered so that it can be induced to fit many different types of substrate.
• C. The presence of the substrate in solution induces the enzyme to slightly change its structure.
• D. The shape of the active site is nearly perfect for specifically binding the enzyme's substrate or substrates.
• E. The enzyme changes its shape slightly as the substrate binds to it.

Answer: (E)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Begin by understanding the concept of enzyme-substrate interaction. Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction.
2. Recognize that enzymes have an active site, which is a specific region where the substrate binds. The active site is typically complementary in shape to the substrate, allowing for specificity in binding.
3. Learn about the 'induced fit' model, which suggests that the binding of the substrate induces a conformational change in the enzyme. This change enhances the fit between the enzyme and the substrate, optimizing the interaction.
4. Understand that the induced fit model contrasts with the 'lock and key' model, where the enzyme and substrate fit together without any structural change. The induced fit model allows for a more dynamic interaction.
5. Conclude that the correct explanation of 'induced fit' is that the enzyme changes its shape slightly as the substrate binds to it, facilitating a more effective catalytic process.