8. Joints

Joint Movements

Movement at the hip joint

The actions of the muscles that cross the hip include flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, lateral rotation, and medial rotation.

Body Planes of Motion - Synovial Joint Movement Terminology

 Flexion is a bending movement that decreases the angle of the joint and brings the two articulating bones closer together. 

 Decreasing the angle between bones is called __________. 

Movement At The Elbow Joint

Hip joint - Bones, Ligaments, Blood Supply and Innervation

Anatomy of Temporomandibular joint ( TMJ ) Head and Neck

 Flexion is a bending movement, usually along the sagittal plane, that decreases the angle of the joint and brings the articulating bones closer together. Extension is the reverse of flexion. In extension, the angle between the articulating bones increases. 

 The thumb can adduct, abduct, flex, extend, and oppose. It is the only joint in the body that can oppose. 

 What motion is ONLY possible at the thumb? 

Shoulder joint - Movements, Bones and Muscles

 Adduction, which is the opposite of abduction, is the movement of a limb toward the body midline. 

 Movement of a limb towards the midline of the body is called __________. 

 lateral bending of the trunk away from the body midline 

 Lateral bending of the trunk away from the body midline is an example of flexion. 

 Pointing the toes is an example of flexion. 

 Raising the arm laterally is an example of abduction. 

 Which of the following movements is an example of circumduction movement? 

Movement at the knee joint

Temporomandibular Joint

Elbow Joint: Bones, Muscles & Movement

 The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the jaw joint; it is of central importance to chewing. The coxal joint is the hip joint, the glenohumeral joint is the shoulder joint, and the tibiofemoral joint is a part of the knee; these joints would not be involved in chewing. 

 Shrugging the shoulders and chewing involve elevation and depression movements. Oppositional movement is used when one touches the thumb to the tips of the fingers of the same hand. Inversion and eversion movements are used to move the sole of the foot medially and laterally. Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion movements allow one to point and flex the toes of the foot. Protraction and retraction movements allow the jaw to jut forward and retract back. 

 Shrugging one's shoulders primarily involves __________. 

 gliding of ribs on the articular facet of a vertebra 

 Gliding is a type of synovial joint motion that occurs when the surface of one flat bone slips over another without appreciable angulation or rotation. 

 What type of motion occurs at a synovial joint when one flat bone surface slips over another without appreciable angulation or rotation? 

 In a uniaxial articulation, __________. 

 In inversion, the sole of the foot turns medially. This is a special movement of the foot. 

 A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole inward is called __________. 

Movement at the glenohumeral joint

Knee Joint - Bones, Ligaments, Articulation, Movements

 Lateral excursion is a type of motion that is unique to mammals and is characterized by the posterior teeth gliding from side to side in a grinding motion. 

 What type of motion is unique to mammals and is characterized by the posterior teeth gliding from side to side in a grinding motion? 

Six Types of Synovial Joints

 Joints that allow only slipping movements are said to exhibit nonaxial movement. Uniaxial movement is characterized by movement in one plane. Biaxial movement means that there are two planes of movement. Multiaxial movement is movement in or around all three planes. 

 The term nonaxial movement means __________. 

 Supination refers to movement of the radius around the ulna when the palms of the hands are rotated to a "palms up" position. Circumduction is the moving of a limb in a cone of space (i.e., a pitcher winding up to throw a ball). Abduction is movement of a limb away from the midline of the body along the frontal plane (i.e., raising the arms laterally). Pronation moves the distal end of the radius across the ulna: the forearm rotates medially and the palm faces posteriorly. 

 __________ refers to movement of the radius around the ulna when the palms of the hands are rotated so that the palms are facing upward. 

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