Which structure is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine?

• A. Ureter
• B. Glomerulus
• C. Nephron
• D. Renal pelvis

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the role of the kidney in the body. The kidney is responsible for filtering blood, removing waste products, and regulating water and electrolyte balance. To achieve this, it relies on its functional units.
2. Step 2: Learn the definition of a nephron. The nephron is the microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney. It is responsible for filtering blood and forming urine through processes such as filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion.
3. Step 3: Break down the nephron's structure. The nephron consists of several key components: the glomerulus (a network of capillaries where filtration occurs), Bowman's capsule (surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate), the proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, and collecting duct.
4. Step 4: Compare the nephron to other structures listed in the problem. The ureter is a tube that transports urine from the kidney to the bladder, the glomerulus is part of the nephron but not the entire functional unit, and the renal pelvis is a funnel-shaped structure that collects urine and channels it to the ureter.
5. Step 5: Conclude that the nephron is the correct answer because it is the complete functional unit responsible for filtering blood and forming urine, integrating all necessary processes within its structure.