16. Endocrine System

The anterior pituitary is known as the 'master endocrine gland' because it controls the hypothalamus.

Which of the following stimulate(s) most body cells to increase in size and divide?

Which of the following homeostatic imbalances results from hyposecretion of growth hormone?

Which of the following hormones stimulates gamete (sperm or egg) production?

The hypophyseal portal system transports releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus to the __________.

Which of the following is NOT synthesized in the pituitary gland?

Polydipsia is excessive __________ associated with diabetes mellitus.

Excess growth hormone would cause all the following EXCEPT __________.

Hypersecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) can occur in all of the following situations EXCEPT __________.

As blood levels of __________ rise, the expulsive contractions of labor gain momentum and finally end in birth.

Which ANS fibers release acetylcholine? Which release norepinephrine?

Describe the events that occur during nerve impulse transmission at a typical cholinergic synapse.

A possible side effect of a drug used to open the airways of someone suffering from an asthma attack is (a) decreased activity of the digestive system, (b) diarrhea, (c) profuse urination, (d) increased blood pressure, (e) decreased heart rate.

Nicotine stimulates cholinergic receptors of the ANS. Based on this information, how would cigarette smoking affect the cardiovascular system?

Phil is stung on his cheek by a wasp. Because Phil is allergic to wasp venom, his throat begins to swell and his respiratory passages constrict. Would acetylcholine or epinephrine be more helpful in relieving his condition? Why?

While studying the activity of smooth muscle in blood vessels, Shelly discovers that, when applied to a muscle plasma membrane, a molecule chemically similar to a neurotransmitter triggers an increase in intracellular calcium ions. Which neurotransmitter is the molecule mimicking, and to which receptors is it binding?

Which of the following is NOT one of the areas in which thyroid hormone (TH) plays an important role?

The metabolic rate of most body tissues is controlled directly by __________.

Which hormone is NOT being synthesized if a goiter forms?

A congenital condition that includes mental retardation; short, disproportional body size; and a thick tongue and neck is caused by __________.

Which of the following elements is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormone?

Iodination of thyroid hormones is mediated by __________.

The cells found within the parathyroid glands that secrete parathyroid hormone are called __________.

Osteitis fibrosa cystica is caused by __________.

Which of the following conditions, if left untreated, progresses to respiratory paralysis and death?

Which of the following homeostatic imbalances usually results from deficits in both glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids?

Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is a prohormone for __________.

The stimulus for producing insulin is __________.

Insulin enhances the membrane transport of glucose in all of the following tissues EXCEPT __________.

Resistin, an insulin antagonist, is a hormone produced by the __________.