19. Fluid Mechanics

In the context of fluid flow, what can happen if a nozzle is closed too quickly?

Hydroplaning is typically caused by which of the following conditions?

When water flows from a pressurized tank through a small opening at the bottom into the atmosphere, which equation best describes the speed $v$ of the water as it exits, assuming the tank is open to the atmosphere at the top and the water surface is at height $h$ above the opening?

A horizontal pipe carries a smoothly flowing liquid. If the cross-sectional area of the pipe decreases, what happens to the speed of the liquid at the narrower section according to the continuity equation ($Av=\mathrm{constant}$)?

When water is siphoned from a tank open to the atmosphere at the top, which principle best explains why the speed of water exiting the siphon at the lower end is greater than the speed at the surface of the tank?

In a particular application involving airflow, if the cross-sectional area of a pipe decreases while the flow is steady and incompressible, what happens to the speed of the air according to the continuity equation ($Av=\mathrm{constant}$)?

When water flows steadily around a vertical two-dimensional bend in a horizontal pipe of constant cross-sectional area, which of the following statements about the speed and pressure of the water is correct according to the continuity equation $Av=\mathrm{constant}$ and Bernoulli's principle $P+\rho v^2/2+\rho gh=\mathrm{constant}$?

When water is pumped steadily out of a flooded basement through a hose, which principle best explains why the speed of the water increases as the hose narrows, assuming the flow is steady and incompressible?

Which of the following statements about air is correct in the context of fluid flow and the $\mathrm{continuity} \mathrm{equation}$?

Which of the following best describes the movement of a fluid during convection?

Why does convection occur only in fluids?

In a fluid flow system, if two sections of a pipe have similar cross-sectional areas, what can be said about the flow speed in these sections according to the continuity equation ($Av=\mathrm{constant}$)?

In the context of fluid flow, what is the vertical movement of the surface of a body of water called?

If the radius of a tube carrying an incompressible fluid decreases by half, how does the fluid speed at that point change according to the continuity equation ($Av=\mathrm{constant}$)?

(II) A 6.0-cm-diameter horizontal pipe gradually narrows to 4.5 cm. When water flows through this pipe at a certain rate, the gauge pressure in these two sections is 36.5 kPa and 22.6 kPa, respectively. What is the volume rate of flow?