19. Fluid Mechanics

In a hydraulic brake system based on $Pascal’sLaw$, which components apply hydraulic force to slow and stop the vehicle?

Why are liquids particularly well suited for use in hydraulic systems according to $Pascal’sLaw$?

Which law of hydraulics explains how a car's brake system multiplies force using fluid pressure ($p$)?

Which equation correctly determines the output force $F{2}_{}$ in a hydraulic lift, given the input force $F{1}_{}$, input piston area $A{1}_{}$, and output piston area $A{2}_{}$?

In a hydraulic lift based on $P=\frac{F}{A}$'s Law, which component is responsible for converting fluid pressure into mechanical motion?

Hydraulic Lift II.The piston of a hydraulic automobile lift is 0.30 m in diameter. What gauge pressure, in pascals, is required to lift a car with a mass of 1200 kg? Also express this pressure in atmospheres.

When a second student joins the first, the piston sinks. What is the second student's mass?

A 55 kg cheerleader uses an oil-filled hydraulic lift to hold four 110 kg football players at a height of 1.0 m. If her piston is 16 cm in diameter, what is the diameter of the football players' piston?

A hydraulic lift is used to jack a 960-kg car 52 cm off the floor. The diameter of the output piston is 18 cm, and the input force is 380 N. What is the area of the input piston?

A 3.2-N force is applied to the plunger of a hypodermic needle. If the diameter of the plunger is 1.3 cm and that of the needle is 0.20 mm, what force on the plunger would be needed to push fluid into a vein where the gauge pressure is 75 mm-Hg? Answer for the instant just before the fluid starts to move.

(II) A hydraulic press for compacting powdered samples has a large cylinder which is 10.0 cm in diameter, and a small cylinder with a diameter of 2.0 cm (Fig. 13–55). A lever is attached to the small cylinder as shown. The sample, which is placed on the large cylinder, has an area of 4.0 cm² . What is the pressure on the sample if 320 N is applied to the lever?

A 2.0 mL syringe has an inner diameter of 6.0 mm, a needle inner diameter of 0.25 mm, and a plunger pad diameter (where you place your finger) of 1.2 cm. A nurse uses the syringe to inject medicine into a patient whose blood pressure is 140/100. What is the minimum force the nurse needs to apply to the syringe?