Which of the following correctly lists the steps of fracture repair in sequence?

• A. Bony callus formation, hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bone remodeling
• B. Bone remodeling, hematoma formation, bony callus formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation
• C. Hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation, bone remodeling
• D. Fibrocartilaginous callus formation, hematoma formation, bone remodeling, bony callus formation

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the process of fracture repair, which involves the body's natural healing mechanisms to restore bone integrity after a break.
2. Step 2: Recognize that the first step in fracture repair is hematoma formation. This occurs immediately after the fracture, where blood vessels are damaged, leading to a clot (hematoma) that stabilizes the area and initiates the healing process.
3. Step 3: The second step is fibrocartilaginous callus formation. Specialized cells, such as fibroblasts and chondroblasts, create a soft callus made of cartilage and fibrous tissue to bridge the broken bone ends.
4. Step 4: The third step is bony callus formation. Osteoblasts replace the fibrocartilaginous callus with a hard, bony callus made of spongy bone, providing more structural support.
5. Step 5: The final step is bone remodeling. Osteoclasts and osteoblasts work together to reshape the bone, restoring its original structure and strength over time.