In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin untila. the two DNA strands have completely separated and exposed the promoter.b. several transcription factors have bound to the promoter.c. the 5′ caps are removed from the mRNA.d. the DNA introns are removed from the template.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the process being discussed: Transcription in eukaryotic cells.
2. Understand the role of transcription factors: These are proteins that help initiate and regulate the transcription of DNA to mRNA.
3. Recognize the importance of the promoter: The promoter is a specific DNA sequence where transcription factors and RNA polymerase bind to initiate transcription.
4. Consider the options: Evaluate each option to determine which one correctly describes a necessary step before transcription can begin.
5. Conclude that transcription factors must bind to the promoter before transcription can start, as they are essential for the recruitment of RNA polymerase to the DNA.

Key Concepts

Transcription Factors

Transcription factors are proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences, facilitating the recruitment of RNA polymerase to the promoter region of a gene. They play a crucial role in regulating gene expression by either promoting or inhibiting the transcription process. In eukaryotic cells, the binding of several transcription factors is essential for the initiation of transcription.

Promoter Region

The promoter region is a specific sequence of DNA located upstream of a gene that serves as the binding site for RNA polymerase and transcription factors. It contains essential elements that signal the start of transcription, allowing the DNA strands to separate and enabling the transcription machinery to assemble. Proper functioning of the promoter is critical for the accurate expression of genes.

Eukaryotic Transcription Process

In eukaryotic cells, transcription is a multi-step process that involves the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template. This process requires the unwinding of DNA, the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter, and the involvement of various regulatory proteins. Unlike prokaryotes, eukaryotic transcription also includes post-transcriptional modifications, such as capping and splicing, which are not directly related to the initiation phase.