18. Waves & Sound

Expensive amplifier A is rated at 280 W, while the more modest amplifier B is rated at 45 W. What output wattage amp would sound about twice as loud as the 45-W amp?

(II) Your ears can accommodate a huge range of sound levels. What is the ratio of highest to lowest intensity at (a) 100 Hz, (b) 5000 Hz? (See Fig. 16–6.)

Consider a sound wave in air that has displacement amplitude 0.0200 mm. Calculate the pressure amplitude for frequencies of (a) 150 Hz; (b) 1500 Hz; (c) 15,000 Hz. In each case compare the result to the pain threshold, which is 30 Pa.

What are the sound intensity levels for sound waves of intensity 3.0 x 10^-6 W/m²?

Example 16.1 (Section 16.1) showed that for sound waves in air with frequency 1000 Hz, a displacement amplitude of 1.2 × 10^-8 m produces a pressure amplitude of 3.0 × 10^-2 Pa. What is the wavelength of these waves?

A loud factory machine produces sound having a displacement amplitude of 1.00 mm, but the frequency of this sound can be adjusted. In order to prevent ear damage to the workers, the maximum pressure amplitude of the sound waves is limited to 10.0 Pa. Under the conditions of this factory, the bulk modulus of air is 1.42 × 10⁵ Pa. What is the highest-frequency sound to which this machine can be adjusted without exceeding the prescribed limit? Is this frequency audible to the workers?

A loudspeaker, mounted on a tall pole, is engineered to emit 75% of its sound energy into the forward hemisphere, 25% toward the back. You measure an 85 dB sound intensity level when standing 3.5 m in front of and 2.5 m below the speaker. What is the speaker's power output?