In a typical neuron, what is the primary function of the soma (cell body)?

• A. It releases neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft to signal the next cell
• B. It houses the nucleus and most organelles, serving as the main metabolic and protein-synthesizing center of the neuron
• C. It forms myelin to electrically insulate the axon and increase conduction speed
• D. It conducts action potentials away from the cell body to the axon terminals

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the main parts of a typical neuron: dendrites, soma (cell body), axon, and axon terminals.
2. Understand the role of the soma: it contains the nucleus and most of the cell's organelles, which are essential for maintaining cell health and function.
3. Recognize that the soma is responsible for the metabolic activities of the neuron, including protein synthesis necessary for neuron maintenance and function.
4. Differentiate the soma's function from other parts: neurotransmitter release occurs at axon terminals, myelin formation is done by glial cells, and action potentials are conducted along the axon.
5. Conclude that the primary function of the soma is to house the nucleus and organelles, serving as the main metabolic and protein-synthesizing center of the neuron.