33. Geometric Optics

To a fish in an aquarium, the 4.00-mm-thick walls appear to be only 3.50 mm thick. What is the index of refraction of the walls?

A costume jewelry pendant made of cubic zirconia is submerged in oil. A light ray in the oil strikes one face of the zirconia crystal at an angle of incidence of 25°. Once inside, what is the ray's angle with respect to the face of the crystal?

A sheet of glass has n_red = 1.52 and n_violet = 1.55. A narrow beam of white light is incident on the glass at 30°. What is the angular spread of the light inside the glass?

White light is incident onto a 30° prism at the 40° angle shown in FIGURE P35.41. Violet light emerges perpendicular to the rear face of the prism. The index of refraction of violet light in this glass is 2.0% larger than the index of refraction of red light. At what angle Φ does red light emerge from the rear face?

A beam of white light enters a transparent material. Wavelengths for which the index of refraction is n are refracted at angle θ₂. Wavelengths for which the index of refraction is n + δn, where δn << n, are refracted at angle θ₂ + δθ. A beam of white light is incident on a piece of glass at 30°. Deep violet light is refracted 0.28° more than deep red light. The index of refraction for deep red light is known to be 1.552. What is the index of refraction for deep violet light?

A hydrogen discharge lamp emits light with two prominent wavelengths: 656 nm (red) and 486 nm (blue). The light enters a flint-glass prism perpendicular to one face and then refracts through the hypotenuse back into the air. The angle between these two faces is 35°. What is the angle (in degrees) between the red and blue light as it leaves the prism?

(II) A beam of light in air strikes a slab of glass (n = 1.62) and is partially reflected and partially refracted. Determine the angle of incidence if the angle of reflection is twice the angle of refraction.

(I) A light beam coming from an underwater spotlight exits the water at an angle of refraction equal to 52.0°. At what angle of incidence did it hit the air-water interface from below the surface?

(I) A diver shines a narrow flashlight beam upward from beneath the water at a 32.8° angle to the vertical. At what angle does the light leave the water?

(II) The speed of light in a certain substance is 78% of its value in water. What is the index of refraction of that substance?

(I) What is the speed of light in (a) ethyl alcohol, (b) lucite, (c) crown glass?

(I) The speed of light in ice is 2.29 x 10⁸ m/s. What is the index of refraction of ice?

A 50-year-old man uses +2.5 D lenses to read a newspaper 25 cm away. Ten years later, he must hold the paper 32 cm away to see clearly with the same lenses. What power lenses does he need now in order to hold the paper 25 cm away? (Distances are measured from the lens.)

The critical angle for a certain liquid–air surface is 52.6°. What is the index of refraction of the liquid?

A light beam strikes a piece of glass at a 55.00° incident angle. The beam contains two wavelengths, 450.0 nm and 700.0 nm, for which the index of refraction of the glass is 1.4831 and 1.4754, respectively. What is the angle between the two refracted beams?