Which of the following fatty acids are considered essential fatty acids in humans?

• A. Palmitic acid and stearic acid
• B. Oleic acid and arachidonic acid
• C. Lauric acid and myristic acid
• D. Linoleic acid (omega-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3)

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of essential fatty acids: Essential fatty acids are those that cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained through the diet. These are typically polyunsaturated fatty acids.
2. Identify the two main types of essential fatty acids in humans: Linoleic acid (omega-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3). These are crucial for various physiological functions, including cell membrane structure and signaling pathways.
3. Review why other fatty acids listed in the problem are not considered essential: Fatty acids like palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, arachidonic acid, lauric acid, and myristic acid can either be synthesized by the body or are not classified as essential due to their roles and availability.
4. Understand the significance of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids: Linoleic acid (omega-6) is a precursor for arachidonic acid, which is involved in inflammatory and immune responses. Alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3) is a precursor for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are important for cardiovascular and neurological health.
5. Conclude that linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid are the correct answers based on their essentiality and inability to be synthesized by humans, emphasizing their dietary importance.