in this video, we're going to begin our introduction to Ecos Annoys now before we get started. Let's take a look at our lipid map here to make sure we're all on the same page. And of course, we know that we're currently exploring the fatty acid based lipids. And already in our previous lesson videos, we've explored the glycerol lipids, the swing go lipids and waxes. And so now we're introducing ecos annoyed another type of fatty acid based Lippett. And so these ecos annoys are really just fatty acid base lipids that are derived from C poly unsaturated fatty acids, or unsaturated fatty acids that have multiple double bonds and a total 20 carbons like a rack. Adan ic acid, for instance. Who's shorthand name we're providing here, and so many of these e coast noise are derived specifically from this Iraq Adan IQ Asset. Now the name ecos noise is actually derived from the Greek word e cosi, which means 20 and so this speaks to the C 20 poly unsaturated fatty acids. Now there are really three main classes of ecos noise that we're going to talk about moving forward and these are the prostaglandins Throwem, boxing's and Leuco trying things. And so moving forward, we'll talk about each of these three different types of ecos noise and their own separate videos. But if we take a look down below at our image notice, we're showing you the structure off a racket Danek acid, which you'll notice, is a C 20 poly unsaturated fatty acid. It's a fatty acid because it has a car box, cilic acid and a long chain hydrocarbon, and there are exactly 20 carbon atoms. And it is definitely poly unsaturated because there are multiple double bonds and our academic acid again is going to be the precursor to all of these other ecos annoyed that we see down below the prostaglandins throughout boxing's and the Leuco trying again, which are all ecos noise. And so, in our next lesson, video will be able to talk about the general function of these ecos noise, and then we'll talk about each of these three individually in their own separate videos. So I'll see you guys in our next video

in this video, we're going to talk about the functions of ECUs, annoys and so Ecos annoys actually have a wide variety of functions. And so they have so many different functions that we're not gonna be able to talk about all of their different functions. But one thing to note about ecos noises that they usually act as special types of hormones. Now, I'm sure all of you have probably heard of the word hormones before. But what exactly are hormones? Well, hormones are really just defined as bio signaling molecules, so they allow cells to communicate with each other and to affect each other. And so hormones. More specifically, these are bio signaling molecules that are gonna be released by a cell or gland and can actually travel in effect, distant cells in a completely different area of the body. Now again, Ecos noise act as special types of hormones and so really ecos noise air going to function as what are known as Pere Quran hormones. And so, really, this peregrine here is just hinting at the fact that they still act as signaling molecules. But they do not travel in effect, distant cells and other areas Instead, peregrine hormones act on Lee on nearby cells in the vicinity of its synthesis. And so this allows Ecos annoys to act or function at very, very low concentrations. You don't need a lot of Thea Costa noise in order to get a function, and these echoes noise. They actually tend to decompose within just a few seconds or minutes. And really, that's what limits their travel and allows them to function as peregrine hormones. Now again moving forward in our course, we're going to talk about the three different types of ecos annoys, starting with the prostaglandin, so I'll see you guys in that video.

in this video, we're going to talk about our first class of the coast noise, which are the prostaglandins. And so prostaglandins are commonly abbreviated as just p. G. And really, the reason that they're called prostaglandins is because when they were first discovered, they were isolated from the prostate gland. But it turns out that they're actually way more prevalent and other tissues other than the prostate gland. Now, these prostaglandins, really they're just echoes annoyed that contain a five carbon ring or a cyclo panting ring. And because again, prostaglandins are ecos annoys and ECOSOC means 20. That means that they're still going to be derived from C 20 poly unsaturated fatty acids like a rack Adan ic acid. And so you can see here in our image that our academic acid is the precursor molecule for prostaglandin such as prostaglandin e two here whose structure we're showing you here and again. Prostaglandins contained five carbon cyclo plantain rings. And so you can see the cyclo Penton ring right here. And so really, you could think the p here in prostaglandin is for the peon cyclo plantain ring. And so hopefully that will help you guys remember that prostaglandins. Ari Kas annoys with ah cyclo plantain ring. Now, in terms of the functions of prostaglandins, they actually have many, many, many different types of functions. So we're not gonna be able to get into all of the different functions of prostate gland. It's. But some of their primary functions include regulating pain, fever and inflammation, as well as affecting blood flow and smooth muscle contractions. And so, just as a reminder of their role in regulating pain, fever and inflammation. We have an image here of this kid who's got a thermometer in his mouth, and he's trying to regulate his pain, fever and inflammation. And so this here concludes our introduction to prostaglandins, and our next lesson video will be able to talk about our second type of ecos annoyed, which are the thrombosis sing. So I'll see you guys there

in this video, we're going to talk about our second class of ECUs. Annoyed, which are the throng boxing's now thrombosis sings are again a specific class of ecos annoys that have, instead of a five member ID ring like prostaglandins, they actually have a six member ID ring with an ether group. And again because the round boxing's are ecos annoyed and e cosi means 20 these air derived from C polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as a racket Danek acid. And so our academic acid is the precursor to throw on boxing, such as through Unboxing a two over here and notice that the throne boxing's do have six member ID rings just like this one right here. And the six member ID rings also have ether groups like this blue one that we see right here now, one way that helps me remember that throughout boxing's have six member ID rings is that I think about a box that has a hexagon shape or six sides, and so, by thinking about the box, it helps me remember that this is going to be a six member ring or include a six member drink. Now, the reason that they're on boxing's are called Ron Boxing's is because they're actually produced by platelet cells, otherwise known as thrombosis sites and so thrombosis ites or platelets. They play a big role in the formation of blood clots, and that's because the throne boxing's that they produce will help to initiate a blood clot formations and through on boxing's are also important for reducing blood flow to the clock. And so, if you ever get injured and get a cut, it's important for your blood to be able to create a clot to make sure that you do not lose too much blood. And again, the throne. Boxing's are very important in this process. And so this here concludes our introduction to throw on boxing's. And in our next video we'll be able to talk about the third class of ecos noise, which are the Leuco trying. So I'll see you guys there

in this video, we're going to talk about our third class of ecos annoys, which are the Leuco try ing's. And so Leuco trying means, of course, are ecos annoys. And as their name implies, the try indicates that there are three and the means are indicating the presence of double bonds. And so, indeed, Leuco trains are ecos annoys that have three conjugated double bonds. And of course, because these are a coast noise and the Greek word e cosi means 20 leuco trying are derived from C 20 poly unsaturated fatty acids like a rack Adan ic acid. And so our academic acid is the precursor to Luca trying such as Leuco trying Defour, whose structure we're showing you here and again Leuco trying. As the name implies, they have three conjugated double bonds. And so when you take a look at the structure here, you can see that these three double bonds right here are conjugated double bonds. And so there are three conjugated double bonds now buy conjugated. Really? What we mean is that they're just appearing back to back here in this particular fashion. Now, notice that this double bond down here is not conjugated because it's being separated from the others by a CH two group. And so the reason that Luca trains are called Luca trains is because they're predominantly expressed by Leuco sites, which is really just the scientific name for white blood cells. And so are white blood cells. Produce these Leuco try ing's now, uh, Luca Trying is actually have variable, different functions, but they predominantly act as powerful bio signals. For example, Luca trying Defour will actually induce strong, smooth muscle contractions of our lungs. And, of course, in some people, allergic reactions can trigger Luca trying synthesis. And so, if Luca, trying de force being synthesized or over expressed, it's going to induce strong, smooth muscle contractions of the lungs, and that could lead to an asthma attack. And so if you guys know people that have asthma, it's really because of the allergic reactions are causing them to over create Leuco, trying specifically Luca trying d four and so down below in our image, noticed that we've got this guy right here who is having an asthma attack because of the overproduction of Leuco trying Defour and notice that he's using this inhaler here and the inhalers will actually have, um, specific molecules that block receptors for Leuco trying Defour. And so that's just something interesting to note. But really, this here concludes our introduction to Leuco trying is and moving forward will be able to apply these concepts that we've learned in our practice problems. So I'll see you guys there.