Glycosidic Bond

in this video, we're going to begin our lesson on Glick Acidic bonds and so a glycoprotein. Siddiq Bond is defined as an as it'll or acquittal linkage between a Sugars and America Carbon and another chemical group. And so this other chemical group could be another mono sacha ride, which would allow mono sack rides to be co violently linked together and form a chain. However, this other chemical group could also be another class of molecules such as, ah, protein or a lipid, for that matter. And so moving forward through our course, we're going to talk about different types of Glick ascetic bonds. Now it's important to note that Glick ascetic bonds will actually form via dehydration synthesis reactions, which just means that it's going to release a water molecule, and we'll be able to see that down below in our image. Now, it's also important to note that compounds that contain, like acidic bonds, can be generally referred to as just glucose sides. And so you might find that your professor will toss this term around or your textbooks will also use it as well. And so if we take a look at our image down below notice on the left hand side. Over here we have two separate individual glucose molecules on the left hand side, we have the Alfa configuration, and on the right hand side we have the beta configuration that's going up in the same side of the highest number of carbon and so which you'll note as that through a dehydration synthesis reaction, we can remove a water molecule that you confined here in these glucose molecules. And when we removed that water molecules through the dehydration synthesis reaction, we conform. A new bond. The glucose ascetic bond, which will know again, is just the bond between a sugars and americ carbon, which theano Mary Carbon is right here, and another chemical group in the other chemical group. Here is this entire chemical group, which is actually another mono sacha ride again, allowing mono sacha rights to be co violently linked together and form chains. Now, because this entire compound contains a Glick acidic bond, it could be generally referred to as just a glycoprotein side. Now, also note that the Glick acidic bond can also be broken through a hydraulic ASUs reaction and, of course, hydraulics. ISS is the opposite reaction of dehydration synthesis, and so it will hydrate the molecule. So notice water is coming back in and used to cleave the Glock ascetic bond. And so moving forward in our course, we're going to be talking about different types of black acidic bonds. And this is the conclusion to our introduction of black acidic bonds. So that being said, I'll see you guys in our next video.

in this video, we're going to introduce OGE like ascetic bonds and end like ascetic bonds. And so, among the many types of like, ascetic Bonds, these are really the two primary types that you should know moving forward and again, The first type is going to be the OGE like acidic bond, which is just looked like acidic bond between an an America carbon of a sugar and an oxygen Adam. And so the O is, of course, for the O and the oxygen. And then, of course, the second type of black ascetic bond is going to be the end like ascetic bond, which is Ah Glick ascetic bond between the an America carbon of a sugar and a nitrogen Adam. And so, of course, the end here is for nitrogen. So if we take a look down below at our image over here on the left hand side, notice that we have a sugar right here, and the sugars and America carbon is this carbon atom that we see right here numbered with number one. And so notice that the an American carbon is bound to an oxygen Adam here. And so this bond that we see here is gonna be referred to as an O like acidic bond. Now notice. Over here on the right hand side of our image, we have another sugar and again the sugars and americ. Carbon is carbon number one right here. And notice that the an American carbon is bound to a nitrogen, Adam. And so this chemical bond that we see here is an n like, acidic bond. And so moving forward through our course, we will see OGE like acidic bonds and some and like, acidic bonds as well. And so it's important to keep this in mind. And so that concludes our introduction toe, Owen, and like, acidic bonds and I'll see you guys in our next video.

in this video, we're going to talk about the naming of Gleick, Acidic bonds and so black acidic bonds are named based on two criteria that we have listed down below. And so the first criteria is the configuration of the n America carbon that's involved in the Glock ascetic linkage or the configuration of the animal car bunds plural involved in the Glick acidic linkage. And so, of course, we know from our previous lesson videos that the configuration of an American carbons is going to include either the Alfa configuration or the beta configuration. And so the second criteria that we use to name, like acidic bombs, is the numbering of the carbon atoms that are involved in the Glock ascetic linkage. Now, sometimes in the names of like acidic bonds, you'll find that there are arrows used in the names and so single headed arrows like this one right here that point in Onley one direction. They are suggesting that Onley one and America carbon is involved in the bond, whereas double headed arrows like this one right here that point in both directions. These are suggesting that to an American car, buns plural are involved in the like ascetic bond. Now, alternatively, the name of a Glock acidic bond might not have any arrows in them at all. And instead of having arrows, it will use commas. And so commas can also be used to replace the arrows, and that's also perfectly acceptable.

And so if we take a look down below it are image notice that we have these three different dice, aka rides in each of these three, uh, different boxes. And so the goal is to name the following Let Pacific bonds and each of these dice aka rides. So we can start with this one over here on the far left and notice that we have to sugar units. We've got this sugar unit right here and then we've got this other sugar unit over here. And of course, if we want to name the Glick acidic bonds, then we're going to need to consider the configuration of the an American carbon or car bones involved in the like ascetic linkage. And so we need to find the animated carbon of this sugar over here on the left hand side and recall that the animal carbon is the only carbon atom bonded to two oxygen atoms. So that would be this carbon atom right here, which is assigned the lowest possible number carbon one, and noticed that is bonded to this ring oxygen and this other oxygen over here and notice that the Glick acidic linkage that we see here is an OGE like acidic linkage since the enemy carbon is bonded to an oxygen atom. And so what we need to realize here is that this, like acidic linkage, is actually pointing in a downwards direction in the opposite direction of the highest numbered carbon, which is pointing upwards. And so it seems as if this, like acidic bond, is reaching down to the aunts. And so that is going to be an Alfa configuration. And so this is, uh, indeed gonna be Alfa. And what will notice is that the America carbon of the sugar over here on the right hand side is actually way over here on the right. So it's actually not participating in this, like, acidic linkage over here. And so what that means is we're not going to consider the configuration of this and America carbon in the naming of this like acidic bond. So now that we're done with this first step here, we can move on to the second step, which is again going to be the numbering of the carbon atoms involved in the Glock acidic linkage. And so notice that we have theano Mary Carbon of the sugar on the left is C one and notice that the carbon atom over here of this sugar on the right hand side is actually see four since again, it's an American. Carbon is over here as one. And then when we number, these, uh this carbon ends up being C four. And so what that means is that we have a Alfa One four like acidic linkage. And so really, this is the name of this linkage that we see here. It's an Alfa 14 like ascetic linkage. Now notice that we only have one a single headed arrow right here, because we only have one and America carbon involved in the bond. However, an alternative way to write this name of the Glock acidic bond is to replace this arrow with a comma. And so an alternative way to right. This would be an Alfa one comma, an Alfa one comma for like, acidic bond and again, that eyes perfectly acceptable. So now moving on to the second dissect right here in the middle again notice we have to sugar units one up here on the top and then one down here on the bottom. And so what? You'll notice here is that for the top sugar, the an American carbon is again this lowest numbered carbon right here. And what you'll notice is that the, uh, linkage that's forming here is an OGE like acidic linkage since the an American carbon is bonded to an oxygen atom and the OGE, like acidic language, seems to be going again in a downwards direction here, away in the opposite direction of the highest numbered carbon, which is going up. And so what this means is that we're definitely going to have an Alfa configuration again. And so we can put Alfa down here and then notice for this sugar way down here. It's an American Carbon is actually way over here. And so it's not involved in this, like, acidic linkage here. And so for that reason, we're not going to include the configuration of this animated carbon in the naming of this like acidic linkage. So now that we're done with the configuration, we can move on to the numbering of the carbon atoms. And so again we can see that carbon number one of the top sugar is involved in the black ascetic linkage. So Alfa One and then notice that it's actually carbon number six of the bottom sugar that's involved in the Glock acidic linkage. So this is an Alfa 16 Glick ascetic linkage right here and so again, notice that we have a single headed arrow here because there's only one and America carbon involved in the Glick acidic linkage. But an alternative way to right This would be to replace the arrow again with a comma. And so we could rewrite this as just an Alfa one comma, six like acidic linkage, and that is again perfectly acceptable. So now moving on to our final die sack right over here on the right hand side again, notice that we have two sugars unit involved in this dice. Accurate, highlighted as shown. And so we want to look for the an American carbon and so of this sugar over here. Notice the animated carbon is right here and notice that it's forming an OGE like acidic linkage. Since the animated carbon is bonded to this oxygen Adam right over here, and so notice that this, like ascetic language, seems to be going in and upwards direction. Here it goes upwards and then it curls it's curling back downwards, but initially it's going upwards in the same direction as this highest numbered carbon. And so, of course, this is going to be a beta configuration, since the bumps of the beta go on the same side. Thes two arrows air going in the same side. So this is a beta configuration, so we can put beta here. And then when we take a look at this sugar over here, notice that it's an American carbon is actually not over here this time. Instead, it's an American. Carbon is right over here, since this is the carbon atom that's bonded to two oxygen atoms, the ring oxygen and this oxygen over here. And so notice that with this and America carbon, it's also forming an OGE like acidic linkage since its bond to bonded to this oxygen. But with this and America, Carbon noticed that the bond is actually going in a downwards direction initially here, and so it's going in the opposite direction as the highest number of carbon, which is going up. And so what that means is that for this sugar over here on the right, we need to consider the configuration. Since it's involved in the like, acidic language. Eso What you'll note is that it's going to have an Alfa like acidic linkage. And we can put that over here and notice that because to an America carbons are involved in this, like ascetic linkage that we have a double headed arrow right here. So now that we've considered the configuration of both and America carbons, we can move on to the numbering of the carbon atoms evolved in look like ascetic linkage. And of course, because we have to an American carbons involved, they're both going to be assigned the lowest possible number here. And so they're both going to be assigned the number one. So we have a beta one right here on then an Alfa one right here. And so this entire Glick acidic linkage right here is gonna be called a beta one Alfa one Glick ascetic linkage. And again, the double headed arrow can be replaced by a comma. So it could also be written as beta one comma, comma, Alfa one like acidic linkage. So this is another acceptable way toe right, this like acidic linkage. And so the best way to, uh, understand the naming of like acidic bonds is to get practice applying these concepts so as we move forward in our course, will be able to get some more practice doing that. And so I'll see you guys in our next video.