Sphingoglycolipids

in this video, we're going to begin our lesson on staffing. Go glycol A lipids. Now first, let's take a look at our lipid map to make sure everyone's on the same page. And of course, we know that currently we're exploring the fatty acid based lipids. And already in our previous lesson videos, we've already explored the glycerol lipids and we're currently starting to explore the swing go lipids. So we already talked about swing go phosphor lipids and single Mylan. And so now in this video, we're going to talk about this finger. Oh, Gle Aiko lipids. And so swing go glycol. Oh, lipids, as the name implies, are just single lipids cove innately attached to a carbo hydrate group or a sugar group for that matter. And so glycol, you might recall from our carbohydrate videos just means or indicates carbohydrates or sugars. Now be careful not to confuse the prefix glycoprotein with the prefix glisten. Arrgh! Recall that bliss arose referring to a glycerol molecule Ah, three carbon glycerol molecule, whereas Glick oh is referring to a carbohydrate that could have ah lot mawr than just three carbons. And so again, careful not to confuse these two here. Now, moving forward, we're going to talk about different types of swing Go Glick. Oh, lipids. And in our next lesson video, we're going to introduce cerebral sides and global sides. And then a little later, we'll introduce the ganglia sides. And these are all falling under the category of glycol A lipids. Because these are lipids that are attached to sugars. The glycoprotein fix once again. And so this here concludes our introduction to swing Go Glencoe lipids. And again, we'll see you in our next video to talk further about these, uh, in more detail.

in this video, we're going to introduce cerebral sides and Globo sides. And so sory, bro sides are just a specific type of swing go glycol, a lipid. And of course, the glycoprotein fix. We know from our last lesson video just means that it contains a carbohydrate or a sugar unit. But more specifically, cerebral sides air going to contain Onley one single sugar residue as the head group now typically cerebral side, they're going to be found in membranes of nerve and brain tissues. And that's why it has the prefix Serie bro because the Prefect Cerebral means head, and it makes sense that they're gonna be found in our heads or in our brains. And so if we take a look down below at our image notice, what we've got here is the base of a single lipid. And as the variable head group, what we have is a sugar unit and this if it's a single sugar residue or a single sugar unit, then it's gonna be considered a cerebral side and notice that this sugar unit can actually be different sugars. It could be a glucose molecule like this one right here, or it could be a galactus molecule like this one over here on both of these are cerebral side, because again they only have one sugar unit, and again, they're gonna be found in our heads or in our brain membranes now glow both sides. On the other hand, these are also singled like, Oh, lipids. But they contain more than just a single sugar residue these contain greater than or equal toe to sugar residue. So they have more than one sugar residue as the head group. And so, if we wanted to get a global side, all we would really need to do is attach another sugar unit right here. And there you go. You got yourself a global side. So pretty easy idea. Just greater than two sugar units. And so this here concludes our introduction to cerebral sides and global sides. And our next lesson video. We're going to introduce ganglia side, So I'll see you guys there

in this video, we're going to introduce ganglia sides, and so ganglia sides are yet another type of swing Go Glencoe lipid. And of course, the Glick Oh, here tells us that it's going to contain some type of carbohydrates or sugar unit. But more specifically, these ganglia sides air going to contain a complex and branched a LIGO sacha ride as the head group. Now, these complex and branch al ego Sacha rides are going to contain at least one see Alec acid residue, which is really just as sugar acid derivative and al Danek acid, if you might recall from our previous lesson videos and the most common see Alec acid residue found in these ganglia sides are n acetyl nure Amick, acid residues or any you five a c for short. And so if we take a look down below at our gangly aside structure, notice that it is containing the same single lipid base here and branching off as the variable head group. What we have is a complex Allah go sacha ride and so you can see that we have these different sugar units here and it is ah branched Ah Lego sack a rat as well. And it contains this ciolek acid residue here, which is again, uh, n acetyl nure Amick acid or any you five a. C. And so what's really important to note about these ganglia sides is that, uh, defects in the ganglia side metabolism will actually lead to many different diseases, including a disease known as tay Sachs disease, which is a neurodegenerative disease that has many different symptoms, including blindness, and can actually lead to death as well. And so down below. What we have is this image here just to remind you that defects and gangly aside metabolism can lead to taste sack. So the most important thing is to associate that these ganglia sides are important because otherwise, if, if, uh they're not metabolized correctly, it could lead to diseases. And so this year concludes our introduction to ganglia sides, and we'll be able to get some practice applying the concepts that we've learned here in our next few videos. So I'll see you guys there

Sphingosine is not a component of:

A) Sphingomyelin.                                               

B) Ceramide.                                 

C) Cerebrosides.

D) Gangliosides.

E) Phosphatidylcholine.

• A. Sphingomyelin.
• B. Ceramide.
• C. Cerebrosides.
• D. Gangliosides.
• E. Phosphatidylcholine.

Tay-Sachs disease is caused by an inability to degrade:

A.) Sphingosine.                                                        

B) Gangliosides. 

C) Ceramide. 

D) Dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline.

E) Carbohydrates.

• A. Sphingosine
• B. Gangliosides
• C. Ceramide
• D. Dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline
• E. Carbohydrates

Which of the following is true regarding a ganglioside?

A) It has 3 hydrocarbon tails.

B) It is the most abundant membrane lipid molecule.

C) It is a sterol lipid.

D) It contains oligosaccharides with one or more sialic acid residues. 

E) It is found in myelin sheath cells. 

• A. It has 3 hydrocarbon tails.
• B. It is the most abundant membrane lipid molecule.
• C. It is a sterol lipid.
• D. It contains oligosaccharides with one or more sialic acid residues.
• E. It is found in myelin sheath cells.