Isoprenoids

So now that we've explored all of our fatty acid based lipids in this video, we're finally going to transition and talk about the ice opera noise. Now, before we get started, let's first revisit our lipid map just to make sure we're all on the same page. And we know that up until this point, in our course, we've been exploring the left branch here and all of our fatty acid based lipids. And so, in our previous lesson videos, we talked about all of these fatty, acid based lipids that show up in our original lipid map. But here what we've done is we've gone ahead and condensed all of those down to just showing the fatty acid right here. And now that we finished talking about our fatty acid base lipids, we're finally going to explore this right branch and talk about the ice Supremes and the soprano roids. And so the iso prin oId again are their own branch of lipids here and really, these air just lipids. That air, constructed from two or more units with the same carbon skeleton of a molecule called ISO preen and so again is a prion, is just a molecule and its I you pack name or its scientific name is really just to metal 13 Buta dying. But really this is just a five carbon molecule and it's this five carbon molecule that you see right here What you might recall is the same exact molecule we used to symbolize all of our eyes. Sopron oId in our previous versions of our lipid Matt And so you can also see that this is a pre molecule is shown right down here. And so if we were to go ahead and number the main chain carbon atoms here, you would see that there are total four carbon atoms and our main chain, which is what the beauty of prefixes referring thio the die is referring to to the scene is referring to double bonds. So notice that there are two double bonds and of course, the one in the three year, referring to the positions of those double bonds appearing at carbon one and carbon three. And then, of course, the two method was referring to this metal group here branching off of carbon number two. But again, the main point here is that this is just a five carbon molecule and by taking multiple of these is a pre molecules and combining them together, we can build our ice opera noise. And really, there are three major classes of ice opera noise that you guys should know moving forward. And we have those numbered 12 and three right here. And so the first class of ice opera noid that you guys should know are the Turpin's and the Turpin oId. The second class are the steroids, and the third class are the lipid vitamins. And so, if you take a look at our lipid map down below, noticed that we're showing you the isil preens here and again. This is this molecule right here. Now, if you take multiple of these ice Supremes and link them together, you can start to build our ice Sopron Oise! And there are three major classes of these. I super annoyed the Turpin's interpret Lloyds the steroids and the lipid vitamins. And so, as we move forward in our course, we're going to talk about each of these three different classes of ice a paranoids, uh, in their own videos. But for now, this here concludes our introduction to the ice opera noise and I'll see you guys in our next video

in this video, we're going to begin our lesson on our first class of ice opera noise, which are the Turpin's and Turpin noise. Now Turpin's are simple. Linear is a paranoids with structures that more clearly revealed that they're actually derived from my supreme units. And so if we take a look at our image down below notice on the far left, here we have the ice, a prion unit from our previous lesson video. And we know already that if we take multiple of these I supreme units and link them together, we can start to build our ice Sopron oise like thes Turpin's that we see here on the top half of our box. And so notice that we're showing you three different Turpin's. And the first one here is central, and this one here is Backdrop Canal, and this one over here is called squalling, and this is a very important or key Turpin that we'll talk more about later in our course. But one thing to note about all of these Turpin's is that they're all relatively simple and linear. I Sopron oId so you can see that they have this linear structure and even squalene. If you look at it really, really closely, you'll notice that it really does not have any cyclic structures in it. It has one end separate from the other end. And so the Turpin oId, on the other hand, are sometimes confused with Turpin's. But the Turpin oId arm or complex ice opera noise. And they're typically derived from extensively modifying the Turpin's. And so they have typically additional functional groups, and they also tend to be cyclic compounds as well. And so if we take a look at the bottom half of our image, notice we're showing you two different Turpin oId. We're showing you lemony in here, which is commonly found in lemons and in your lemonade and which will notice, is that it does have a cyclic structure, but you can still see that it has thes is a prion units inside of them and then also this one over here is called ubiquity known, which is a terp annoyed that's found in the mitochondria, and we'll talk more about this one much later in our course. But again notice that this Turpin oId has a cyclic structure, and it also has these additional functional groups branching off, but you can still tell that there are these ice supreme units embedded inside of them. Now, if you're looking to determine the number of ice Supreme units within a Turpin or Turpin oId generally in simple Turpin's interpret Lloyds, the best indicator of the number of ice supreme units is actually the number of metal group branch points. And so what I mean by that is where the methyl groups are actually branching off of. And so if we take a look at a sit trial, for instance, uh, which will notice is that we've got a metal group right here in a metal group right here. And so the branch points of these metal groups would actually be this carbon right here, because that's what the metal group is branching off of. And this carbon right here, because that's what this method group is branching off of. And so, by counting the number of branch points, you can reveal the number of ice supreme units and so here because there are two methyl group branch points. That means that there are two I supreme units again, we have them highlighted here. Now notice that counting the number of double bonds is not always going to be the best indicator of the number of ice supreme unit because if we were to count the number of double bonds here, we would count that there are three double bonds, so counting the number of double bonds is not always the best indicator. The best indicator again to reveal the number of ice supreme units is the number of methyl group branch points. And so we'll be able to get some practice applying this idea here in our next video, so I'll see you guys there.