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Biochemistry

Learn the toughest concepts covered in Biochemistry with step-by-step video tutorials and practice problems by world-class tutors

12. Biosignaling

PSP Secondary Messengers & PKC

1

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PSP Secondary Messengers & PKC

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PSP Secondary Messengers & PKC

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PSP Secondary Messengers & PKC

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4

Problem

All of the following are secondary messengers in cell signaling EXCEPT:

A

IP₃.

B

DAG.

C

Protein Kinase A.

D

Calcium Ions.

E

cAMP.

5

Problem

In the phospholipase C signal transduction pathway, which two second messengers are produced?

A

Phospholipase C and protein kinase A.

B

PIP₂ and IP₃.

C

Phospholipase C and G.

D

IP₃ and DAG.

E

cAMP and ATP.

6

Problem

Which of the following enzymes does diacylglycerol recruit to the membrane and activate when bound?

A

Phospholipase C.

B

Protein Kinase C.

C

Adenylate Cyclase.

D

Protein Kinase A.

E

Phospholipase A.

F

Calmodulin.

7

Problem

Which of the following statements about calmodulin is TRUE?

A

Calmodulin causes the release of Ca²⁺ ions from the endoplasmic reticulum.

B

When associated with Ca²⁺, calmodulin is deactivated and unable to affect the activity of its targets.

C

In the presence of Ca²⁺, calmodulin binds to and activates CaM-dependent protein kinases.

D

Calmodulin binds to and activates Protein Kinase C (PKC) when active.

8

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PSP Secondary Messengers & PKC

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9

Problem

Protein Kinase C (PKC) is activated when bound by:

A

Ca²⁺ which leads to cytosolic protein phosphorylation.

B

Diacylglycerol which leads to cytosolic protein phosphorylation.

C

Ca²⁺ and Diacylglycerol which leads to extracellular protein phosphorylation.

D

Ca²⁺ and Diacylglycerol which leads to cytosolic protein phosphorylation.

E

Diacylglycerol which leads to extracellular protein phosphorylation.

10

Problem

What is the effector enzyme in the phosphoinositide signal transduction system?

A

Diacylglycerol.

B

Adenylate cyclase.

C

Phospholipase C.

D

Protein Kinase C.

11

Problem

All of the following are functions served by phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate EXCEPT:

A

Phosphatidyl inositol bisphosphate can be hydrolyzed to produce diacylglycerol, a second messenger.

B

Phosphatidyl inositol bisphosphate can be hydrolyzed to produce inositol trisphosphate, a second messenger.

C

Phosphatidyl inositol bisphosphate can serve as the substrate to phospholipase C.

D

Phosphatidyl inositol bisphosphate will serve as a docking site for proteins containing a SH2 domain.

12

Problem

Diacylglycerol is a(n) ___________________ that promotes ____________________.

A

Insulin agonist ; tyrosine phosphorylation.

B

Phosphodiesterase inhibitor ; cAMP accumulation.

C

Secondary messenger ; protein kinase C activation.

D

Steroid-like hormone ; protein dimerization.

E

Secondary messenger ; phospholipase C activation.

F

Lipid hormone ; receptor dimerization.

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