Alright, so here in this video we're going to share with you guys an interesting way to remember the jak stat signaling pathway and its seven steps. And that is by remembering Lucky Jack's pigs spotted, polka dotted truffles. And so if you take a look at our image over here on the right hand side, notice here we have Lucky Jack with his name tag on and over here we have Lucky Jack's pig and Lucky Jack's pig is spotting with his eyes, some polka dotted truffles. And so this will hopefully remind you guys of the jak stat signaling pathway steps. And so the L here in Lucky is for the L. N ligand. And so this represents the ligand binding to the cytokine receptor causing the receptor demonization. The J. In Jack is supposed to represent of course the Jack tyrosine keenness and the Jack activation. The P and pig represents how Jack will fosse for late its substrate, which is going to be the cytokine receptor. The essence spotted represents stat five being recruited and the p and polka represents the P and phosphor relation of stat five. The D. N dotted represents the demonization of stat five and the T in truffle truffles represents the transcription regulation by stat five. And so very silly way. But if you're able to put this to memory then you'll have no problem remembering the steps of the jak stat signaling pathway. So this here concludes this video and I'll see you guys in our next one

Now, before we get into the details of each of the steps and the jak stat signaling pathway, we first need to point out that the protein called a re throw pie eaten is going to be a lie. Gand that signals via the jak stat pathway. And so later, in our course, we're going to see a wreath rope you eaten. Act as the lie again in the jak stat pathway. Now a re throw poi eaten, as you can see by these bold ID letters here is commonly abbreviated as just e. P o and a re throw pie eaten or EPO. More specifically, is a 165 amino acid protein side akin released by the kidneys. To induce the process of home, he mope oasis and bone marrow. Now, what in the world are these CIDA kinds? Well, CIDA kinds are defined as small and soluble proteins that regulate the development, differentiation and proliferation of cells mainly of blood cells and chemo. Publicis is this process of the formation of a re throw sites or red blood cells. And so notice Over here we have this little stethoscope over here to remind you guys that if you're moving on into medical school or some other kind of medical profession, this is probably a term that you want to keep in mind on dso again. Him a police is is the formation of a re throw sites or red blood cells Now E p o or a re throw pointing along with other side A kinds as well commonly signal via the jak stat pathway which again, we're going to introduce the steps of the jak stat pathway here very shortly in a different video. However, uh, keep in mind that when we do introduce the jak stat pathway, we're going to use a re throw puedan or e p o as the like. And now if we take a look at our image down below right here, notice On the left hand side, we're showing you a low red blood cell count, low red blood cell levels. And so, under these conditions, the kidneys will secrete, as we indicated up above, uh, the kidneys can release a re throw poi eaten and a re throw poison is going to act as the like, and that can make its way to the cells of our bone marrow and, uh, signal for a cell response via the jak stat pathway. And so, in our bone marrow, Aretha Opal eaten or you put EPO is going to signal for the process of him. Oh, boy. Esus. And so him a police is again the formation of a re throw sites or red blood cells. And so that's going to increase the red blood cell levels, as you can see here through again a re throw site formation. And so this year concludes our lesson on how Aretha appointment signals via the jak stat pathway. And again, we're going to talk more about this jak stat pathway in our next video. So I'll see you guys there.

Alright. So here in this video, we're going to introduce the steps in the jak stat signaling pathway. And so the jak stat signaling pathway really occurs in just seven steps, as you can see down below by the seven numbers that we have here in our text. And, of course, the seven numbers that we have here in our text correspond with the seven numbers that we have down below throughout our image. And so notice that step number one is at the top left of our image. Then we make our way to the right downwards and then back to the left and we end with steps number seven over here on the left hand side. And so if we take a look at the very first step of the jak stat signaling pathway, of course, we know from our last lesson video that CIDA kinds, such as a re throw point or E p. O, will signal via the jak stat pathway. And so it's no surprise that e. P. O. Here is going to act as the like and and bind to the side a kind receptor, and this is going to cause the cytokine receptor to dime arise. And so if we take a look at step number one down below and our image notice that up here at the top left, what we have is the re throw poet molecule the lie again. Here E p O and E P o is going to bind to the cytokine receptor, which is going to exist as these separate monomers. And in step number one, When the ligand binds, it causes Di Maria's ation of the site a kind monomers. And so we know that demonization is a step that's involved with many arti case or receptor tyrosine kindnesses, and this is a variation of a receptor tyrosine kindness. So notice that down here, in the sight of solid domain, there really isn't any bulky part of this side of solid domain that can act as a tyrosine kinase domain. So it actually lacks tyrosine kinase domains. However, it's still capable of recruiting separately separate cida Solich and soluble tyrosine. Kindness is such a xjak, too, and so this leads us directly into step number two of this pathway, which is that the dime arise cytokine receptor is capable of recruiting and non co violently recruiting and activating a jack to, um, enzyme tyrosine kindness, enzyme. And so, if we take a look at our image down below a step number to notice that a separate side of Solich tyrosine kindness, uh, called Jack to can be recruited by the dime arised like and bound cytokine receptor. And so over here notice that we have Jack to specifically to jack too tiresome kindnesses that are non co violently recruited. And really, this non co violent recruitment is what distinguishes it from the other tire seeing receptor kindnesses that we had seen in our previous lesson videos. And so now we have these Jack two molecules that are activated, which we can tell by the yellow borders that are around them. And so this leads us into step number three and in step number three, the activated jack. Too tiresome Kindnesses are going to do what they do, which is Foss for late. Their substrate and more specifically, the substrate is going to be the site, a kind receptor. And so when the cytokine receptor gets phosphor related by the active jack, too tiresome kindnesses. This is a process that resembles auto phosphor relation. Now it's not quite auto phosphor relation because the receptor is not phosphor relating itself. Instead, again, there was the recruitment of a separate side of solid tyrosine kinase that does the phosphor relation. And so that's why it's not quite auto phosphor relation, but it does resemble auto phosphor relation. And so if we take a look at our step number three down below, notice that the e p eo Ligon bound cytokine receptor that recruited the active Jack too tiresome kindnesses has now been fast for elated on these specific tyrosine residues. And again, that's because Jack to is a tyrosine kindness. And so it's phosphor relating tyrosine residues. And so this leads us into step number four. And in step number four, the S H two domain of a protein called stat five, which is just a stat protein that we introduced in our previous lesson videos with a number five. Because there are a bunch of different stat transcription factors, this is specifically stat five that we're looking at here. And so the S H two domain of stat five is going to bind, uh, to the phosphor related side, a kind receptor. And so, of course we know that s h two domains bind to phosphor related tyrosine residues. So they're gonna bind to phosphor related tyrosine residues on the side, a kind receptor. And this is gonna bring the stat five and closer proximity to Jack Jack too. And so if we take a look at our image down below a step number four, notice that upon phosphor relation of the cytokine receptor, this is going to recruit the stat five transcription factors. And so notice that that step five transcription factors have an S H two domain, which allows it to bind to phosphor related tyrosine residues. And so you can see that the foster related tyrosine residue on the site of kind receptor is acting as the binding site for the S H two domain of stat five and notice that it's binding to stab fives here, as we could see. And this is bringing again the stat five proteins in very close proximity to Jack too. And so this means that Jack to will now be ableto act and on these stat five proteins. So this leads us to our step number five. And so in step number five Now that's that five is in closer proximity to Jack Jack to can now Foss for Late Stat five. And so, if we take a look at our image down below at Step number five, notice that in step number five we have these phosphor, elated stat five proteins that were phosphor related by Jack, too. And they have been now released from the side, a kind receptor. And so this leads us to step number six and in step number six, the phosphor related stat. Five proteins are going to dime Arise. Uh, they're going to dime arise with another phosphor related stat. Five. And so notice that and step number six down. Below that, these two stat five phosphor related proteins are going to die. Marai. So we have the demoralization of the phosphor related stat five proteins. And so now over here, you can see that we have the dime arised stat. Five transcription factors. And so this leads us to step number seven. Our last step and in step number seven, The dime Arise stat. Five. The stat five demonization is going to expose a signal that ultimately transports the dime arise stat fives into the nucleus of the cell and once it's in the nucleus of the cell, it's capable of functioning as a transcription factor to affect genes that ultimately lead to he mope oasis or the formation of red blood cells. And so, if we take a look at our step number seven down below over here, notice that upon diamond ization of the phosphor related stat five proteins, they're capable of making their way into the nucleus of the cell, which we're showing down here. And notice that here we're showing the dime Arise stat. Five molecules acting as a transcription factor. So they're able to perform transcription all regulation of genes again that are going to affect cell growth. More specifically, cell growth of red blood cells in the process of him. Oh, polices. And so this here concludes our introduction to the Jets that pathway and its seven steps and moving forward will be able to get some practice applying the concepts that we've learned here. So I'll see you guys in our next video

Alright. So here in this video, we're going to share with you guys an interesting way to remember the jak stat signaling pathway and its seven steps. And that is by remembering Lucky Jack's pigs spotted polka dotted truffles. And so if you take a look at our image over here on the right hand side notice Here we have Lucky Jack with his name tag on and over here we have Lucky Jack's pig, and Lucky Jack's pig is spotting with his eyes some polka dotted truffles. And so this will hopefully remind you guys of the jak stat signaling pathway steps. And so the l here and lucky is for the l N Ligand. And so this represents the lie again binding to the cytokine receptor, causing the receptor demonization the J in Jack is supposed to represent, of course, the Jack tyrosine kindness and the jack activation. The P and pig represents how Jack Will Foss for late its substrate, which is going to be the site a kind receptor. The essence spotted represents stat. Five being recruited and the P and polka represents the P and phosphor relation of staff. I. The d n dotted represents the demoralization of stat five and the T in trouble. Truffles represents the transcription, all regulation by stat five and so very silly way. But if you're able to put this to memory, then you'll have no problem remembering the steps of the jak stat signaling pathway. So this year concludes this video, and I'll see you guys in our next one.